Ustilago maydis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Ustilago Maydis ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Major Exception ◽  
Dry Sand

Abstract A description is provided for Ustilago maydis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays (maize) and Euchlaena mexicana. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide, wherever maize is grown with the major exception of Australia and New Zealand; see CMI Map 93, Ed. 3, 1964. On E. mexicana in N. and S. America. TRANSMISSION: Infection of the host, which occurs via any actively growing tissue, is localized. Spores carried on seed (Noble et al., An annotated list of seed-borne diseases, p. 79, 1958) are easily controlled by treatment with a fungicide but seed treatment is of no avail if the soil is infected. Spores have retained their viability in dry sand for more than eight years (16: 738).

Nannizzia obtusa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Scalp Lesions ◽  
Light Green

Abstract A description is provided for Nannizzia obtusa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of the pig, occasionally transmitted to man. Guinea-pigs have been experimentally infected. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). In pigs lesions are circular and circumscribed to irregular in outline, sometimes involving almost the whole body. They are reddish in colour and are frequently covered with brownish crusts. Alopecia and pruritis do not occur (RMVM 5, 226, 491-492). In man the scalp (tinea capitis) and glabrous skin (tinea corporis) may be infected. Scalp lesions reported have shown a kerion type of reaction with endothrix hair invasion; in some cases infected hairs have fluoresced light green under Wood's light. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Reported from Africa (Kenya), Australasia (Australia, New Zealand); North America (Canada, U.S.A. (Ind., Kans., Ky, Miss., N.J., Pa)), Central America and West Indies (Mexico, Cuba). Possibly world-wide in distribution.

Kabatiella zeae. [Distribution map].

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Kabatiella zeae Narita & Y. Hirats. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia, China, Jilin, Yunnan, Japan, Hokkaido, Australasia, New Zealand, Europe, Austria, France, Germany, Yugoslavia, Croatia, North America, Canada, Ontario, Quebec, USA, Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, South Dakota, Wisconsin, South America, Argentina, Brazil.

Phoma epicoccina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Orchard Grass ◽  
Disease Information ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma epicoccina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS AND SUBSTRATA: Avena seeds, Beta vulgaris, Dacrylis glomerata, Malus sp., Phaseolus sp., Triticum sp., Zea mays, air and straw decaying in soil. DISEASE: Information on pathogenicity is still unclear, but according to Herb. IMI records P. epicoccina has been isolated from necrotic leaf lesions in the Irish Republic and also in UK. It is a common contaminant of grass seeds (Tulloch & Leach, 1972) and beet seed. As the Epicoccum state of P. epicoccina is indistinguishable from Epicoccum nigrum Link (=E. purpurescens Ehrenb. ; CMI Descriptions 680) it is possible that the former could be confused with the latter. From the available data, P. epicoccina could be regarded as a saprophyte or a weak pathogen. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (India); Australasia (New Zealand); Europe (France, Irish Republic, Netherlands, Sweden, UK); North America (Canada, USA, Oregon). TRANSMISSION: The Epicoccum state has been isolated from air and also commonly associated with orchard grass seed (Tulloch & Leach, 1972). Conidia are presumably dispersed by air and also seed-borne.

Pseudomonas agarici. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Cultivated Mushroom ◽  
Young Stage

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas agarici. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Agaricus bisporus the cultivated mushroom; Agaricus spp. DISEASE: Drippy gill of mushroom. The name is derived from the numerous cream-grey droplets of bacteria that develop on the gills. They are usually surrounded by a dark brown to black water-soaked spot which increases in size up to 2 mm or more. The droplets also increase in size and may coalesce and bridge the spaces between gills. If infection is severe the gill tissues collapse. Fine longitudinal splits, that become brown with age, usually develop on the stipe. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia (NSW, 63, 3168); New Zealand (Young, 1970); Eire (52, 943); UK (cultures in NCPPB) are recorded, but it is probably of world wide occurrence. TRANSMISSION: Details are unknown. Fahy and Lloyd (1983) report that the disease is often found in association with poor compost pasteurization, Young (1970) noted that the bacteria can be found in immature caps with unbroken veils. This suggests that the organism may enter from the bed to the cap in a young stage of the cap's development.

Kabatiella zeae. [Distribution map].

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Kabatiella zeae Narita & Y Hiratsuka. Hosts: Maize (Zea mays). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Japan (Hokkaido), AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, New Zealand, EUROPE, France, West Germany, Yugoslavia, NORTH AMERICA, Canada (Ontario), USA.

Sphacelotheca destruens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Ainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Head Smut ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Abstract A description is provided for Sphacelotheca destruens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Panicum miliaceum (common millet) and other Panicum spp. and the weed Echinochloa crus-galli. Hybrid maize (Zea mays) has been experimentally infected (44: 2126). DISEASE: Head smut of common millet. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, N. and S. America; see CMI Map 219, 1951. TRANSMISSION: The disease is transmitted by seed (Noble et al., An annotated list of seed-borne diseases, p. 49, 1958) contaminated with spores. Spores have remained viable for eight years.

Pseudomonas viridiflava. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Actinidia Chinensis ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Pseudomonas Viridiflava ◽  
Leaf Rot

Abstract A description is provided for Pseudomonas viridiflava. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Wide variety of hosts. Initially reported on bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), but since reported as naturally occurring on at least 31 different species in 14 different families (see for example 53, 395; Billing, 1970). By inoculation a further 30 host species, including 5 extra families, have been found to be susceptible (60, 1802: 9: 695). DISEASE: Originally isolated from reddish brown circular spots on bean pods, but a variety of symptoms have since been reported. Wilkie et al. (1973) reported leaf spot of pumkin and lupin, leaf rot of cauliflower, leaf blotch of passion fruit, stem rot of poppy, internal stem rot of tomato, a wet rot of leaves, stipules and stems of pea, panicle rot of grape, and blossom blight of chinese gooseberry (Actinidia chinensis). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Possibly world wide. Currently known from Kenya (50, 1060), Uganda (NCPPB 1474), Iran (NCPPB 2012), Japan (59, 1887), Australia (NSW, Qd., 63, 3168), New Zealand (53, 395), France (52, 2974), W. Germany (57, 739), Hungary (NCPPB 389), Netherlands (NCPPB 2502), Spain (54, 5140), Switzerland (Original Descr.), UK (50, 1060), USA (California 61, 749; Florida 14: 565; New York 12: 71; Pennsylvania 62, 4928). TRANSMISSION: Apparently exists as a common epiphyte which gains entry through wounds, as a secondary organism, or when the plant has been predisposed by unfavourable conditions when these, or other conditions also favour the bacterium.

SILAGE: THE RESEARCH VIEWPOINT

1966 ◽  
pp. 154-162
Author(s):  
R.J. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Great Merit

IN 1958, there was available commercially in Britain and Australia a vacuum silage kit which was expensive and useless. It had one redeeming feature, however. It inspired Jean Doutr-e to work on the vacuum idea, and, in collaboration with George Jowsey, to develop the technique which has captured world-wide interest. It is' relatively inexpensive for this approach to silage making and is practical. It has the great merit that it can be built into the existing New Zealand silage-making procedures without any modifications to those procedures.

Beauveria bassiana. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Lymantria Dispar ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Porthetria Dispar ◽  
New Skin

Abstract A description is provided for Beauveria bassiana. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS & SUBSTRATA: All stages of insects of all groups; lungs of wild rodents, nasal swab of horse; man; giant tortoise. The fungus overwinters in vegetable matter and is found in the soil. DISEASE: The fungus has been known since 1835 as the cause of the muscardine disease of silkworms. Although B. bassiana has multiplied in bees in laboratory tests it has so far not been recorded from bees in nature (Bailey, 1971). According to Wasti & Hartman (1975) penetration of the cuticle of gypsy moth (Porthetria dispar[Lymantria dispar]) larvae takes place 24 h after 2nd instar larvae have crawled over a culture of B. bassiana and within 64h the interior of the insect is completely filled with hyphae. These authors also note penetration of the gut wall. Fargues & Vey (1974), who sprayed conidia on to 3rd instar larvae of Leptinostarsa decemlineata (Colorado beetle), showed that conidia germinate on the surface of the integument, penetrate the loosening skin, and blastospores develop in the moulting fluid, infecting the new integument as it forms. Some individuals cannot finish the moult, in others the delicate new skin ruptures and hyphae enter the haemolymph. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World wide.

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