Composition and community structure of mangroves distributed on the east coast of Marajó Island, Brazil

Mangroves in the Amazon are influenced by several environmental conditions that determine the composition and structural development of the arboreal flora, which results in different distribution patterns. In this study, we sought to answer two questions: (1) what is the composition and structure of the mangroves near the mouth of the Amazon River in Marajó Island? (2) Are the fringe and inland mangroves more similar or dissimilar in terms of floristic composition? For this, we delimited a fringe zone and an inland zone about 1 km apart from each other. In each zone, we distributed five 400-m2 plots. The individuals were grouped into diameter and height classes and structural and phytosociological parameters were calculated. Ten species were recorded in the mangroves, of which seven are typical of white-water (várzea) and black-water (igapó) flooded forest ecosystems. We believed the adjacent ecosystems and the hydrological network are inducing the establishment of such species. The composition and structure of mangroves did not differ statistically between zones, and the degree of similarity may be a result of similar environmental factors in these zones such as low relief and high frequency of macrotides. We conclude that the vegetation of the studied mangroves has a major influence of the fluvial-marine system of the great rivers of the Amazon associated with a diversity of ecosystems that, together, generate greater floristic richness when compared to mangroves in other regions.

Application of computational fluid dynamics in the research on odorous-black water and physical treatment technology

As an extreme phenomenon of water pollution, odorous-black water not only cause ecological damage and threaten human health, but also severely restrict urban development. This paper mainly summarizes the main points, applicability, advantages and disadvantages of the current comprehensive treatment technology of odorous-black water, and analyzes the later development direction of odorous-black water treatment technology. It is considered that the treatment of odorous-black water is a systematic project, which involves many sources such as external source interception, water purification, quality assurance of living water, ecological restoration are the important technical means.

Mathematical simulation of air-water flow along Ski Jump Jet

In the present study, using a quasi 3D analytical simulation, air concentration distribution in ski jump generated jet is calculated. A numerical simulation is also performed to verify the results of the analytical model in parallel with the available experimental and another analytical data. By solving continuity and momentum equations in case of air-water flow for three different cases, it was confirmed that the air concentrations along the ski jet are uniquely linked to the relative black water core length. Results showed that the black water core length is also influenced by the approach flow depth, Froude number, geometrical parameters of ski jump and the chute bottom angle. Finally, an analytical equation is proposed to predict the air concentration distribution along the ski jump jet regarding different hydraulic and geometric parameters. By calculating the velocity profiles along the jet, it showed that increasing the air concentration reduces the jet velocity profile.

Recovering Nutrients from Waste Black Water Through Multi-Functional Mesoporous Silica

In order to prevent the harmful effects in water phase such as eutrophication, industrial and urban sewages must be treated before discharging into the aquatic environment. In this work, amine grafted magnetic nanoporous silica materials are synthesized and applied as an adsorbent for the recovery of nutrients from waste black water. The magnetic force could separate the surface func-tionalized nanoporous silica materials from aqueous medium after treatment, and showed the higher adsorption capacity of nutrients than that of the original mesoporous silica. The multi-functional nanoporous silica adsorbents were effectively removed phosphate and nitrate at 20 °C with the maximum adsorption capacities of 42.5 and 34.9 mg/g, respectively. The overall results indicated that the synthesized multi-functional nanoporous silica sorbents can be a candidate material for the nutrient recovery in wastewater treatment system.

PERENCANAAN INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) DOMESTIK DENGAN METODE CONSTRUCTED WETLAND DI PERUMAHAN BUMI CIRUAS PERMAI 1 KABUPATEN SERANG

Peningkatan pencemaran lingkungan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Ciruas berakibat pada penurunan kualitas air sungai di wilayah Kecamatan Ciruas. Kontribusi pencemaran terjadi dikarenakan belum adanya sarana pengolahan air limbah yang maksimal. Perumahan BCP 1 adalah salah satu penghasil limbah domestik berupa limbah grey water dan black water. Perumahan ini belum terdapat fasilitas pengolahan baik limbah grey water dan black water. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sistem pengolahan air limbah grey water yang tepat dan efisien. Salah satu alternatifnya adalah dengan metode subsurface flow wetland. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui volume air limbah yang dihasilkan oleh masyarakat Perumahan BCP 1 dan untuk membuat desain pengolahan air limbah. Penelitian pengolahan limbah domestik ini menggunakan tanaman rumput payung (Cyperus alternifolius). Perencanaan IPAL di Perumahan BCP 1 mempertimbangkan aspek kualitas air limbah domestik yang dihasilkan setiap harinya. Kualitas air limbah domestik menunjukkan nilai COD 19,8 mg/L; BOD 12,75 mg/L; TSS 84 mg/L dan pH 7,6. Kemudian dilakukan analisis perhitungan masing-masing unit IPAL yang akan direncanakan di perumahan BCP 1 agar sesuai dengan kriteria baku mutu sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia No. P.68/MENLHK-SETJEN/2016. Sistem IPAL direncanakan terdiri dari unit bak ekualisasi, Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland dengan tanaman Cyperus alternifolius, dan kolam penampungan. Hasil perencanaan menunjukkan efisiensi pengolahan untuk TSS sebesar 88%; BOD sebesar 12,75 mg/L; COD sebesar 19,8 mg/L; pH sebesar 7,6. Dengan efisiensi tersebut effluent limbah cair IPAL telah memenuhi baku mutu yang ditentukan. Anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk pembangunan IPAL adalah Rp. 588.191.894.

How Can You See in the Dark Part II Mapping

Part of my current Blue(s)Print poetic practice, this piece was written after attending a friend's Nichiren Buddhism conference and then later attending Betty’s Daughter Arts Collaborative’s black/water: The Digital Ceremony. The shape of the poem's maps are inspired by the Angaria Delphinus shell I received recently, thinking about the connections to the Delphi Oracles, Sibyls, and Mami Wata priestesses. I want this piece to represent the Sux within language and history, and that language can be a meditative, spiritual guide and gate opener to the vast history and connections of the diaspora. Is what we think of as lost really lost or just transformed and in constant motion?