Septoria lactucae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria lactucae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Lactuca sativa. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Early symptoms are small, numerous, irregularly outlined, chlorotic spots beginning on the outer leaves. They enlarge, becoming brown or somewhat silvery, sometimes with a chlorotic halo, and shot-holes develop. Pycnidia, which may not be conspicuous, are found on both leaf surfaces. Infection spreads to the younger leaves and flowers in severe attacks (20: 193; 21: 182). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread (CMI Map 485, ed. 1, 1972). TRANSMISSION: By seed, pycnidia can be found embedded in the seed coat (41: 267).

Phoma sorghina. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1985 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Irian Jaya ◽  
Weed Hosts ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Phoma sorghina. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Gramineae and all kinds of plants. Also isolated from soil, air and various animal sources. DISEASE: A minor leaf spot of cereals and grasses. The visible symptoms vary considerably; on sorghum leaves spots are usually irregular or rounded, yellowish-brown or grey with definite reddish-purple margins or indefinite in outline, reaching 1 cm or more in width. Pycnidia develop within spots on leaves, glumes and seeds. Also the fungus has been implicated with pre- and post-emergence death of seedlings of Macroptilium and Sylosanthes species (54, 1779) crown rot of bananas (61, 3556), leaf spot of Agave americana and stem rot of Euphorbia tirucalli (63, 3383), brown stem canker of Leucosperum cordifolium (56, 253). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: A ubiquitous fungus occurring in tropical and subtropical regions. Africa (Botswana, Cameroon, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Kenya, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, Zimbabwe); Asia (Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, China, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, USSR); Australasia and Oceania (Australia, Hawaii, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands); Europe (Germany, Portugal, Italy, UK); North America (Canada, USA); Central America and West Indies (Antigua, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Puerto Rico, Trinidad); South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia). TRANSMISSION: Probably by contaminated seed; the fungus has been found on or isolated from several seed samples (1, 289; 33, 599; 47, 2153; 54, 1779; 60, 367; 61, 4102). In Taiwan P. sorghina has been found to be transmitted from seed to seedlings (62, 4281). The fungus has also been claimed to persist on trash and weed hosts and remain viable up to 1 yr but lose its viability after 2 yr storage on dry infected leaves (Koch & Rumbold, 1921).

Alternaria cichorii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. David
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wind Dispersal ◽  
Cichorium Endivia ◽  
Airborne Conidia

Abstract A description is provided for Alternaria cichorii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cichorium endivia L. (Endive); Cichorium intybus L. (Cichory) and Lactuca sativa L. (Lettuce), all members of the tribe Lactuceae (Cichorieae), Asteraceae. It has recently been reported (69, 1978) as occurring on Acroptilion repens, a member of the Cynareae, growing as a weed in western Canada. DISEASE: Leaf spot of Endive and Cichory. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Egypt. North America: Canada, USA (Florida). South America: Argentina (52, 544). Asia: India, New Guinea, Pakistan. Europe: Austria, Cyprus, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Slovenia. TRANSMISSION: By wind dispersal of airborne conidia.

Mycovellosiella cajani. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Indies ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
A Minor

Abstract A description is provided for Mycovellosiella cajani. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cajanus, Callicarpa, Desmodium and Solanum verbascifolium. DISEASE: Causes a minor leaf spot of pigeon pea. The spots are usually small, round with an indefinite margin and are usually pale brown in the centre with a darker border. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: East Africa, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, West Indies, Venezuela, Mauritius, India, Pakistan, Burma and Taiwan. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne conidia and may carry over on crop debris.

Drepanopeziza ribis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Booth
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Water Borne

Abstract A description is provided for Drepanopeziza ribis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Ribes spp. DISEASE: Causes leaf spot or anthracnose of currants and gooseberries. Symptoms consist of small, dark brown, round or irregular spots scattered over the leaf surface. They may coalesce if numerous. Infected leaves may turn yellow (especially in gooseberry) and fall. Minute greyish acervuli develop in lesions on upper and lower leaf surfaces. Lesions may also occur on petioles and peduncles, where they are elongated, and on fruit. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe, N. America, Japan, Australia and New Zealand (CMI Map 187, ed. 2, 1967). TRANSMISSION: By water-borne conidia produced from the Gloeosporidiella state on leaf lesions. Apothecia are produced from saprophytic growth on fallen diseased leaves and they produce air-borne ascospores in spring.

Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bradbury
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Smooth Brome ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp ◽  
Leaf Surfaces

Abstract A description is provided for Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. tessellarius. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST: Triticum aestivam. Inoculation into barley, oats, sweet corn, sudan grass, wild rye, smooth brome and tomato resulted in multiplication of bacteria to above 106 CFU/g fresh weight in 10 days, but no symptoms were produced. In wheat higher populations and symptoms were produced. DISEASE: Bacterial mosaic of wheat. Small chlorotic lesions are densely spread over the leaf surfaces, resembling a virus mosaic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: USA (AK, NE, IA). TRANSMISSION: The bacterium has been shown to occur in seed under the seed coat near the embryo and was found in the roots, sheaths and leaves of seedlings grown from such seed (McBeath & Adelman, 1986).

Septoria carthami. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Early Symptoms ◽  
White Leaf ◽  
Water Splash

Abstract A description is provided for Septoria carthami. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Carthamus tinctorius and C. mareoticus. DISEASE: White leaf spot of safflower. Early symptoms appear as small distinct brownish lesions which enlarge and become circular or irregular and up to 6 mm wide. As the disease progresses lesions sometimes coalesce to form large blotches. Older lesions are usually bordered by dark brick margins with ash grey centres. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Egypt); Asia (Iraq, Turkey, USSR, West Siberia); Europe (Bulgaria, Rumania); North America (USA, Indiana, Texas). TRANSMISSION: It has been claimed that the fungus was introduced into West Siberia with infected seeds (14, 493-494). Also the fungus is probably disseminated by water-splash or by mechanical means.

Mycosphaerella arachidis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Seed Transmission ◽  
Diurnal Periodicity ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Carry Over

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosphaerella arachidis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Arachis hypogaea. DISEASE: Early leaf spot of groundnut: also called tikka with Mycosphaerella berkeleyi (CMI Descript. 412). Lesions circular, 1-10 mm diam., reddish-brown to black on the upper leaf surface and lighter shades of brown on the lower. Distinct chlorotic halos develop early on the upper surface. The lesions tend to be larger than those of M. berkeleyi and the dark stroma of the latter is absent. The conidia form on both leaf surfaces, the conidiophores being somewhat diffuse. Severe attacks cause defoliation (13, 74; 17, 651; 35, 342). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread with host (CMI Map 166, ed. 3, 1966). TRANSMISSION: In India the air dispersed conidia showed a diurnal periodicity with a peak at 1000 h (50, 1524), and in USA most conidia were trapped at 1100-1500 h; rain increased numbers (Smith & Crosby, Phytopathology 63: 703-707, 1973). Carry-over occurs in host debris and seed transmission seems unimportant.

Cochliobolus pallescens. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sivanesan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Windward Islands

Abstract A description is provided for Cochliobolus pallescens. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Common on many graminicolous and non-graminicolous hosts. Important cereals and grasses include Eleusine, Hordeum, Oryza, Panicum, Paspalum, Pennisetum, Poa, Saccharum, Setaria, Sorghum, Triticum and Zea economically important dicot hosts include Allium (59, 4867), Arachis (53, 1647), Brassica (66, 3075), Canna, Calendula, Calotropis (44, 1832; 66, 3587), Carica (61, 5129), Cinnamomum, Citrus (68, 843), Coriandrum, Dahlia, Fagopyrum (64, 2425), Gaillardia, Hevea (56, 1257; 67, 5560), Musa (54, 4051), Solanum (50, 3484). DISEASE: Leaf spots of cereals, black point of wheat (44, 102), leaf spot and on stems of rubber (56, 1257; 67, 5560), ear rot of barley (62, 1005), rot of garlic (59, 4867). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Australia, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Canada, Colombia, Cuba, Denmark, Egypt, Ethiopia, Fiji, Ghana, Guinea, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Iran, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Malawi, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Swaziland, Sudan, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad, USA, USSR, Venezuela, Windward Islands, Zambia, Zimbabwe. TRANSMISSION: By wind-borne conidia and seed-borne.

Pestalozziella subsessilis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Infraspecific Variation ◽  
Chaetomella Raphigera

Abstract A description is provided for Pestalozziella subsessilis, a colonizer of living leaves, causing leaf spot symptoms leading to leaves fading and dying. Some information on its dispersal and transmission, economic impacts, infraspecific variation and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (USA (Florida, Kansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, Wisconsin), Kazakhstan, Russia, New Zealand, Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Ukraine, and United Kingdom), hosts (Geranium carolinianum (leaf), G. collinum (leaf), G. columbianum (leaf), G. columbinum (leaf), G. macrorrhizum (leaf), G. maculatum (leaf), G. palustre (leaf), G. pratense (leaf), G. pusillum (leaf), G. pyrenaicum (leaf), G. robertianum (leaf), G. sanguineum (leaf), G. sylvaticum (leaf), G. wlassovianum (leaf), Geranium sp., and Oxypolis rigidor [Tiedemannia rigida]) and associated fungi Chaetomella raphigera.

Ascochyta desmazieresii. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Punithalingam
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Wet Weather ◽  
Irish Republic

Abstract A description is provided for Ascochyta desmazieresii. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. DISEASE: Glume and leaf spot of Italian and perennial ryegrasses. At first leaf lesions start as small purplish or chocolate-brown spots with a distinct red-purple margin. With time these enlarge, become irregular or elliptical, up to 5 mm long and distinctly visible on both sides of the leaves. Finally the centres of older lesions fade to fawn to straw yellow with numerous pycnidia immersed within the leaf tissue on both sides of the leaves but usually abundant pycnidia occur on the lower side. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Japan); Europe (Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Irish Republic, UK); N. America (USA, California, Oregon, Washington); S. America (Chile, Brazil). TRANSMISSION: No specific studies reported; infection is presumably spread by air-borne conidia in wet weather or heavy dews. The fungus is also probably carried over on crop residues and debris in soil.

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