Classical insect biocontrol in North America, 1985 to 2018: a pest control strategy that is dying out?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (037) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy van Driesche
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategy

scholarly journals Rats and the COVID-19 pandemic: Early data on the global emergence of rats in response to social distancing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Parsons ◽  
Yasushi Kiyokawa ◽  
Jonathan L. Richardson ◽  
Rafal Stryjek ◽  
Kaylee A. Byers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Food Service ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
New Locations ◽  
Public Health Authorities

AbstractFollowing widespread closures of food-related businesses due to efforts to curtail the spread of SARS-CoV-2, public health authorities reported increased sightings of rats in close vicinity of people. Because rats vector a number of pathogens transmissible to people, changes in their behavior has consequences for human health risks. To determine the extent of how stay-at-home measures influenced patterns of rat sightings we: 1) examined the number of rat-related public service requests before and during the period of lockdown in New York City (NYC) and Tokyo, Japan; 2) examined reports made in proximity to closed food service establishments in NYC; and 3) surveyed pest control companies in the United States, Canada, Japan, and Poland. During the month following lockdown, the overall number of reports decreased by 30% in NYC, while increasing 24% in Tokyo. However, new hotspots of 311 calls were observed in proximity of closed food service establishments in NYC; and there was a consistent positive association between kernel density estimates of food service establishments and location of 311 calls (r = 0.33 to 0.45). Similarly, more reports were observed in the restaurant-dense eastern side of Tokyo. Changes in clientele for pest control companies varied geographically, with 37% of pest-management companies surveyed in North America reporting 50-100% of their post-lockdown rat-related requests coming from new clients. In Warsaw, where there are no clusters of restaurants in densely-populated areas, there were no changes. In Tokyo, there were no changes in clients. We conclude that changes in public service calls are region-specific and localized, with increases in rat sightings more likely near restaurant-dense regions. Pest control companies surveyed in North America either lost much of their business or shifted clientele from old to new locations. We discuss possible mitigation measures including ramping up pest control during re-opening of food-related establishments and the need for citywide rodent surveillance and disease monitoring.

scholarly journals Models to Assess the Effects of Nonsmooth Control and Stochastic Perturbation on Pest Control: A Pest-Natural-Enemy Ecosystem

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Xuewen Tan ◽  
Wenjie Qin ◽  
Guangyao Tang ◽  
Changcheng Xiang ◽  
Xinzhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Stochastic Perturbation ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Threshold Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ipm Strategy

This paper investigates the impact of the threshold control strategy and environmental randomness on pest control. Firstly, a fixed-time impulsive stochastic ecosystem with IPM strategy is proposed, where the local and global existence of positive solution and the boundedness of expectation are discussed in detail. Moreover a sufficient condition for the extinction of the pest population with probability-1 is given. Then, a state-dependent stochastic ecosystem with IPM strategy is proposed. By employing the numerical simulations, the effects of ambient noise intensity on pest-outbreak are discussed. The result shows that there is a close relationship among the frequency of pest-outbreak, ET, the environmental perturbation intensity, and control measures. This study helps us to understand the impact of random factors on pest-outbreak frequency by theoretical derivations and numerical simulations; the results have directive significance in the design of an optimal control strategy for the department of ecological agriculture.

scholarly journals Targeting an antimicrobial effector function in insect immunity as a pest control strategy

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (31) ◽  
pp. 12652-12657 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Bulmer ◽  
I. Bachelet ◽  
R. Raman ◽  
R. B. Rosengaus ◽  
R. Sasisekharan
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Effector Function ◽  
Insect Immunity

MANAGEMENT OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS: MODELING THE BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL

2008 ◽  
Vol 03 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 241-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARAT RAFIKOV ◽  
JOSÉ MANOEL BALTHAZAR ◽  
HUBERTUS F. VON BREMEN
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Complex System ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Systems Modeling ◽  
Biological Pest Control

The aim of this paper is to study the cropping system as complex one, applying methods from theory of dynamic systems and from the control theory to the mathematical modeling of the biological pest control. The complex system can be described by different mathematical models. Based on three models of the pest control, the various scenarios have been simulated in order to obtain the pest control strategy only through natural enemies' introduction.

scholarly journals The Blueberry Industry of North America

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
North America ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wild Blueberries ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
New Cultivars

Expansion of blueberry culture in North America has occurred during the past decade and is projected to continue into the next century. Thirty-six U.S. states and six Canadian provinces report some blueberry production. The area planted to blueberries has inreased by 19% in 10 years, with the largest increase (47%) in cultivated types and only 11% in wild blueberries. It is projected that the total area will increase by an additional 14% by the year 2000. New cultivars are proving of value and are affecting the composition of plantings. Greater interest is being given to mechanical harvesting, and new cultural and pest control innovations are being employed to enhance the economics of production. The expansion of blueberry production is being undergirded by expanded programs in problem-solving research.

Dynamics and Bifurcation Analysis of a Filippov Predator–Prey Ecosystem in a Seasonally Fluctuating Environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Qin ◽  
Xuewen Tan ◽  
Xiaotao Shi ◽  
Junhua Chen ◽  
Xinzhi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Period Doubling ◽  
Periodic Forcing ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Predator Prey Model ◽  
Fluctuating Environment

Mathematical models can assist to design and understand control strategies for limited resources in Integrated Pest Management (IPM). This paper studies the dynamical behavior of a Filippov predator–prey model with periodic forcing. Firstly, bifurcation analyses are carried out to show that the Filippov predator–prey ecosystem may have very complex dynamics, i.e. the system may have periodic, quasi-periodic, chaotic solutions, as well as period doubling bifurcations. Meanwhile, the model is analyzed theoretically and numerically to understand how resource limitation and periodic forcing affect pest population outbreaks, the intersection between the initial densities (pest and natural enemy populations) and pest control has been discussed. Furthermore, the sliding surface, sliding mode dynamics, the existence and stability of sliding periodic solution of the proposed model and its application in IPM strategy are investigated. Our results show that several hidden factors can adversely affect our control strategy in limited resource and fluctuating environment. Thus, choosing a proper threshold value ET may play a decisive role in pest control, which confirms that IPM is the optimal control strategy.

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