Estimated herbicide use in the commercial forest sector in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
J. C. Roberts ◽  
K. M. Little ◽  
C. Rolando
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Commercial Forest ◽  
Herbicide Use

Forest Sector in South Africa

1999 ◽  
pp. 171-177
Author(s):  
Sebueng Kelatwang ◽  
Abdallah R. S. Kaoneka
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Forest Sector

scholarly journals Field data collection and analysis of canopy and litter interception in commercial forest plantations in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3717-3728 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bulcock ◽  
G. P. W. Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Litter Interception ◽  
Commercial Forest

Abstract. It is well accepted that the total evaporation in forested areas is greater than in grasslands, largely due to the differences in the amount of rainfall that is intercepted by the forest canopy and litter and due to higher transpiration rates. However, interception is the least studied of these components of the hydrological cycle. The study aims to measure and quantify the canopy and litter interception by Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula and Acacia mearnsii, at the Two Streams research catchment in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands of South Africa for the three-year period April 2008 to March 2011. The results from this study showed that canopy and litter interception contributed a significant amount of the water evaporated in a forest water balance. The canopy interception by E. grandis, A. mearnsii and P. patula was 14.9%, 27.7% and 21.4% of gross precipitation, respectively, while litter interception was 8.5%, 6.6% and 12.1% of gross precipitation, respectively.

scholarly journals Revising Theories of Nonstate Market-Driven (NSMD) Governance: Lessons from the Finnish Forest Certification Experience

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Cashore ◽  
Elizabeth Egan ◽  
Graeme Auld ◽  
Deanna Newsom
Keyword(s):  
Forest Products ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Forest Certification ◽  
Certification Program ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Forest Stewardship Council ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Forest Stewardship ◽  
Commercial Forest

We assess the ability of Cashore, Auld, and Newsom's theoretical framework on “Nonstate Market-Driven” (NSMD) governance to explain the emergence of and support for forest certification in Finland. In contrast to Sweden's experience, the environmental group-initiated international forest certification program, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), failed to gain significant support. Instead, the commercial forest sector created and adopted the Finnish Forest Certification Program, which domestic and international environmental groups ultimately rejected as inadequate. The NSMD framework must better incorporate two key findings. First, the dependence of international markets on the targeted country's forest products can shape domestic certification choices. We found that the largely non-substitutable qualities of Finnish paper products gave the domestic sector greater leeway in responding to international pressures. Second, whether the FSC is being championed primarily to influence a country's domestic forestry debates or indirectly as a lever with which to improve forest practices elsewhere appears to permeate the forest sector's overall receptiveness to the FSC.

scholarly journals Modelling canopy and litter interception in commercial forest plantations in South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8293-8333 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bulcock ◽  
G. P. W. Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Litter Interception ◽  
Commercial Forest ◽  
Resources Planning ◽  
Threshold Process

Abstract. There is a gap in the knowledge of both canopy and litter interception in South African forest hydrology. Interception is typically considered to constitute only a small portion of the total evaporation and in some models is disregarded. Interception is a threshold process, as a certain amount of water is required before successive processes can take place. Therefore an error introduced in modelling interception, especially disregarding it, will automatically introduce errors in the calibration of subsequent models/processes. Field experiments to assess these processes, viz. canopy and litter interception were established for the three main commercial forestry genera in South Africa, namely, Pinus, Acacia and Eucalyptus. Drawing on both field and laboratory data, the "variable storage Gash" model for canopy interception and an idealised drying curve litter interception model were developed to represent these processes. It was found that canopy and litter interception can account for as much as 26.6% and 13.4% of gross precipitation, respectively, and are therefore important hydrological processes. The models developed were able to adequately represent these interception processes and provide a way forward for more representative water resources planning modelling.

scholarly journals Field data collection and analysis of canopy and litter interception in commercial forest plantations in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands, South Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 8257-8292
Author(s):  
H. H. Bulcock ◽  
G. P. W. Jewitt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Eucalyptus Grandis ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
Litter Interception ◽  
Commercial Forest

Abstract. It is well accepted that the total evaporation in forested areas is greater than in grasslands, largely due to the differences in the amount of rainfall that is intercepted by the forest canopy and litter and higher transpiration rates. However, interception is the least studied of these components of the hydrological cycle. The study aims to measure and quantify the canopy and litter interception by Eucalyptus grandis, Pinus patula and Acacia mearnsii, at the Two Streams research catchment in the KwaZulu-Natal Midlands of South Africa for the three year period April 2008 to March 2011. The results from this study showed that canopy and litter interception contributed a significant amount of the water evaporated in a forest water balance. The canopy interception by E. grandis, A. mearnsii and P. patula was 14.9%, 27.7% and 21.4% of gross precipitation respectively, while litter interception was 8.5%, 6.6% and 12.1% respectively.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Combining Professional Interests and Travel: People to People Citizen Ambassador Program

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Alex Johnson ◽  
Amanda Hitchins
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Exchange Program

Abstract This article summarizes a series of trips sponsored by People to People, a professional exchange program. The trips described in this report were led by the first author of this article and include trips to South Africa, Russia, Vietnam and Cambodia, and Israel. Each of these trips included delegations of 25 to 50 speech-language pathologists and audiologists who participated in professional visits to learn of the health, education, and social conditions in each country. Additionally, opportunities to meet with communication disorders professionals, students, and persons with speech, language, or hearing disabilities were included. People to People, partnered with the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), provides a meaningful and interesting way to learn and travel with colleagues.

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