Comparative nest habitat characteristics of sympatric White‐tailedHaliaeetus albicillaand Golden EaglesAquila chrysaetosin western Scotland

Bird Study ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Evans ◽  
James Pearce‐Higgins ◽  
D. Philip Whitfield ◽  
Justin R. Grant ◽  
Alison MacLennan ◽  
...  
The Condor ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 849-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Gjerdrum ◽  
Chris S. Elphick ◽  
Margaret Rubega

Abstract We examined nest-site selection and nesting success in Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed (Ammodramus caudacutus) and Seaside Sparrows (A. maritimus), at seven sites in Connecticut. We found 160 Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow nests and 23 Seaside Sparrow nests, and compared characteristics of their locations to each other and to random locations. We tracked success of all nests, quantified nest productivity and causes of nest losses, and tested for habitat differences between successful and unsuccessful nests. Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows nested in higher than average locations, where the vegetation was taller and more dense than at random locations, where there was a deep layer of thatch, and where saltmeadow cordgrass (Spartina patens) dominated the vegetation. There was little evidence that habitat characteristics influenced the success of nesting birds, but the timing of nest initiation relative to spring tides was important. Seaside Sparrow nests occurred in even taller vegetation, that was more sparse than average and dominated by the tall form of smooth cordgrass (S. alterniflora). Habitat influenced the success of Seaside Sparrow nests, but timing did not; on average, successful nests occurred in taller vegetation. Model comparisons suggest that vegetation structure influences site selection more than species composition or inherent differences among marshes. Overall, our results indicate that nest flooding is a major threat to successful reproduction in both species, but they have different strategies to avoid flooding. Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows time their reproduction to avoid especially high tides, while Seaside Sparrows avoid flooding spatially by nesting in tall vegetation.


The Condor ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Allen Smith ◽  
H Grant Gilchrist ◽  
James N.M Smith

Abstract Abstract In environments such as arctic tundra, where bird densities are low and habitats are comparatively homogeneous, suitable nest sites likely are not limited. Under these conditions, reproductive success of birds may be determined by factors other than the habitat characteristics of nest sites. We studied the relative influence of nest habitat, food, nest distribution, and parental behavior on the reproductive success of tundra-breeding shorebirds at East Bay, Southampton Island, Nunavut, Canada. From 2000 to 2002, we monitored the nests of five species: Black-bellied Plover (Pluvialis squatarola), Semipalmated Plover (Charadrius semipalmatus), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres), White-rumped Sandpiper (Calidris fuscicollis), and Red Phalarope (Phalaropus fulicarius). For each species, habitat differed between nest sites and random sites. In contrast, habitat differed between successful and failed nest sites only for White-rumped Sandpipers. Shorebirds did not prefer to nest in habitats where food was most abundant. Although nest success varied among species in all years, artificial nest experiments suggested that interspecific variation in predation rate was not related to habitat type. Instead, the marked interspecific variation in nest success may have been related to incubation behavior. Species taking fewer incubation recesses had higher nest success, although these results should be viewed as preliminary. The factor with the greatest interannual influence on nest success was fluctuating predation pressure, apparently related to the abundance of predators and lemmings.


The Condor ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 538-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd E. Katzner ◽  
Evgeny A. Bragin ◽  
Steven T. Knick ◽  
Andrew T. Smith

Abstract We evaluated factors that permit species coexistence in an exceptional assemblage of similar raptor species at the Naurzum Zapovednik (a national nature reserve) in north-central Kazakhstan. White-tailed Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Golden Eagle (A. chrysaetos), and Steppe Eagle (A. nipalensis) all breed at the Zapovednik. Steppe Eagle use of nesting resources was distinct from that of tree-nesting species. We evaluated differences in nest tree and nest habitat characteristics, nest dimensions and positions, and nest spacing among the three forest-dwelling eagle species to distinguish between the effects of inter- and intraspecific resource limitations on species coexistence. Although the different species bred in similar habitat and sometimes reused other species' nests, the dimensions, positions and locations of their nests often differed. These differences did not appear to result from interspecific competition. Nest spacing trends were also species specific; Imperial Eagles generally nested farther from other eagle nests than did Golden Eagles and White-tailed Sea-Eagles. Intraspecific variation in habitat, physical characteristics, and spacing patterns of Imperial Eagle nests was extensive throughout the nature reserve. Although interspecific partitioning of nesting habitat may allow coexistence of ground-nesting Steppe Eagles, interspecific competition did not appear to be a primary determinant of the use of nest habitat, space, or nests by tree-nesting species. Rather, interspecific effects appeared secondary to intraspecific effects in determining coexistence of tree-nesting eagles at this site. Coexistencia en una Asamblea Multiespecífica de Águilas en Asia Central Resumen. Evaluamos los factores que permiten la coexistencia de varias especies de aves rapaces similares en Naurzum Zapovednik, una reserva natural nacional, en la región norcentral de Kazakhstan. Las águilas Haliaeetus albicilla, Aquila heliaca, A. chrysaetos y A. nipalensis se reproducen en Zapovednik. El uso de los recursos de nidificación por A. nipalensis fue diferente al de las otras especies, las cuales nidifican en árboles. Evaluamos las diferencias en los árboles y características de los hábitats de nidificación y las dimensiones, posición y distribución de los nidos entre las tres especies de águilas que habitan ambientes boscosos, para distinguir entre los efectos de limitación por recursos a nivel interespecífico e intraespecífico sobre la coexistencia de estas especies. A pesar de que las diferentes especies se reprodujeron en hábitats similares y a veces reutilizaron los nidos de otras especies, las dimensiones, posiciones y localizaciones de sus nidos difirieron a menudo. Estas diferencias no parecen ser un resultado de competencia interespecífica. Las tendencias de la distribución en el espacio de los nidos también fueron especie-específicas; Las águilas de la especie A. heliaca nidificaron generalmente más alejadas de nidos de las otras especies que las águilas H. albicilla y A. chrysaetos. La variación intraespecífica en el hábitat, características físicas y patrones de distribución de A. heliaca fue considerable a través de la reserva natural. A pesar de que la partición interespecífica del hábitat de nidificación podría permitir la coexistencia de la especie A. nipalensis (la cual nidifica sobre el suelo), la competencia interespecífica no pareció ser importante en determinar el uso del hábitat de nidificación, de los nidos o su distribución para las especies de águilas que nidifican en árboles. En cambio, los efectos interespecíficos parecieron ser secundarios con relación a los efectos intraespecífcos en determinar la coexistencia de las águilas que nidifican en árboles en este sitio.


2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1311-1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jaroensutasinee ◽  
K. Jaroensutansinee

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 12451-12458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rama Mishra ◽  
Khadga Basnet ◽  
Rajan Amin ◽  
Babu Ram Lamichhane

The Fishing Cat is a highly specialized and threatened felid, and its status is poorly known in the Terai region of Nepal.  Systematic camera-trap surveys, comprising 868 camera-trap days in four survey blocks of 40km2 in Rapti, Reu and Narayani river floodplains of Chitwan National Park, were used to determine the distribution and habitat characteristics of this species.  A total of 19 photographs of five individual cats were recorded at three locations in six independent events.  Eleven camera-trap records obtained during surveys in 2010, 2012 and 2013 were used to map the species distribution inside Chitwan National Park and its buffer zone.  Habitat characteristics were described at six locations where cats were photographed.  The majority of records were obtained in tall grassland surrounding oxbow lakes and riverbanks.  Wetland shrinkage, prey (fish) depletion in natural wetlands and persecution threaten species persistence.  Wetland restoration, reducing human pressure and increasing fish densities in the wetlands, provision of compensation for loss from Fishing Cats and awareness programs should be conducted to ensure their survival.  We also recommend studying genetic diversity of sub-populations, as well as habitat use by radio-tagging. 


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