Comparisons of Yield, Water Use Efficiency, and Soil Microbial Biomass as Affected by the System of Rice Intensification

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Limei Zhao ◽  
Lianghuan Wu ◽  
Yongshan Li ◽  
Sarkar Animesh ◽  
Defeng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency

INFLUENCE OF THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION ON RICE YIELD AND NITROGEN AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY WITH DIFFERENT N APPLICATION RATES

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIMEI ZHAO ◽  
LIANGHUAN WU ◽  
YONGSHAN LI ◽  
XINGHUA LU ◽  
DEFENG ZHU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYField experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 to investigate the impacts of alternative rice cultivation systems on grain yield, water productivity, N uptake and N use efficiency (ANUE, agronomic N use efficiency; PFP, partial factor productivity of applied N). The trials compared the practices used with the system of rice intensification (SRI) and traditional flooding (TF). The effects of different N application rates (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha−1) and of N rates interacting with the cultivation system were also evaluated. Resulting grain yields with SRI ranged from 5.6 to 7.3 t ha−1, and from 4.1 to 6.4 t ha−1 under TF management. On average, grain yields under SRI were 21% higher in 2005 and 22% higher in 2006 than with TF. Compared with TF, SRI plots had higher harvest index across four fertilizer N rates in both years. However, there was no significance difference in above-ground biomass between two cultivation systems in either year. ANUE was increased significantly under SRI at 80 kg N ha−1 compared with TF, while at higher N application rates, ANUE with SRI was significantly lower than TF. Compared with TF, PFP under SRI was higher across all four N rates in both years, although the difference at 240 kg N ha−1 was not significant. As N rate increased, the ANUE and PFP under both SRI and TF significantly decreased. Reduction in irrigation water use with SRI was 40% in 2005 and 47% in 2006, and water use efficiency, both total and from irrigation, were significantly increased compared to TF. With both SRI and TF, the highest N application was associated with decreases in grain yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency. This is an important finding given current debates whether N application rates in China are above the optimum, especially considering consequences for soil and water resources. Cultivation system, N rates and their interactions all produced significant differences in this study. Results confirmed that optimizing fertilizer N application rates under SRI is important to increase yield, N use efficiency and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Productivity, water use efficiency and economics of system of rice intensification (SRI) in Nichabanadhi sub basin of southern Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-290
Author(s):  
M. Paramasivan ◽  
A. Selvarani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency

Four hundred and sixteen on-farm demonstrations on system of rice intensification (SRI) were carried out in 350 hectares of farmer’s fields in Sankarankovil, Vasudevanallur and Kuruvikulam blocks of Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu from 2008-09 to 2010-11 under Tamil Nadu – Irrigated Agriculture Modernization and Water Bodies Restoration and Management (TN-IAMWARM) project. Two methods viz., SRI and conventional were compared. The results revealed that the adoption of SRI favorable influenced yield attributes and yield of rice. The maximum grain yield (8222 kg ha-1) obtained from SRI which was higher than conventional method (6534 kg ha-1). Higher grain yield coupled with substantial water saving to the tune of 37.1 per cent resulted in higher water use efficiency of rice under SRI method. The best net income ( Rs. 50, 587) and benefit: cost ratio (3.64) were also associated with SRI than conventional method of rice cultivation. The cost of cultivation was comparatively lesser in SRI which re-sulted in gaining an additional income of Rs. 8080 ha-1 as compared to conventional method of rice cultivation. The system of rice intensification (SRI) proved its benefits in this basin.

scholarly journals A Model of Evapotranspirative Irrigation to Manage the Various Water Levels in the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) and Its Effect on Crop and Water Productivities

Water ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Chusnul Arif ◽  
Satyanto Krido Saptomo ◽  
Budi Indra Setiawan ◽  
Muh Taufik ◽  
Willy Bayuardi Suwarno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Irrigation Regimes ◽  
Evapotranspiration Rate ◽  
Rice Intensification ◽  
Use Efficiency

Evapotranspirative irrigation is a simple idea in a watering field based on the actual evapotranspiration rate, by operating an automatic floating valve in the inlet without electric power to manage water levels. The current study introduces a model of evapotranspirative irrigation and its application under different water levels. The objectives were (1) to evaluate the performances of evapotranspirative irrigation under various irrigation regimes, and to (2) to observe crop and water productivities of the system of rice intensification (SRI) as affected by different types of irrigation. The experiment was performed during one rice planting season, starting from July to November 2020, with three irrigation regimes, i.e., continuous flooded (CFI), moderate flooded (MFI) and water-saving irrigation (WSI). Good performance of the system was achieved; low root mean square error (RMSE) was indicated between observed water level and the set point in all irrigation regimes. Developing a better drainage system can improve the system. Among the regimes, the WSI regime was most effective in water use. It was able to increase water productivity by up to 14.5% while maintaining the crop yield. In addition, it has the highest water-use efficiency index. The index was 34% and 52% higher than those of the MFI and CFI regimes, respectively. Accordingly, the evapotranspirative irrigation was effective in controlling various water levels, and we recommend the system implemented at the field levels.

scholarly journals 15N Natural Abundance of Soil Microbial Biomass in Alpine and Tundra Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 907-917
Author(s):  
M. I. Makarov ◽  
M. S. Kadulin ◽  
T. I. Malysheva
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Enrichment ◽  
Tundra Ecosystems ◽  
Extractable Nitrogen

Abstract Isotopic composition of nitrogen in soil microbial biomass (δ15Nmicr) is connected with the transformation of nitrogen compounds and with the balance of carbon and nitrogen availability for microorganisms. We have studied the dependence of δ15Nmicr on nitrogen isotopic composition in the substrate (δ15N of total and extractable nitrogen), as well as the dependence of δ15Nmicr and 15N-enrichment of microbial biomass (Δ15Nmicr = δ15Nmicr – δ15Nsubstr) on nitrogen availability parameters (the C/N ratio in soil, the N-mineralization activity, the content of extractable nitrogen, and the nitrogen use efficiency) in soils of four alpine ecosystems in the North Caucasus and four tundra ecosystems in the Khibiny Mountains. It has been shown that δ15Nmiсr varies from –0.2 to +8.4‰ and may be characterized by both 15N-enrichment and depletion (negative Δ15Nmiсr values) relative to the total and extractable soil nitrogen. As a rule, Δ15Nmicr is 1.5–3.1‰ relative to 15Ntotal and 0.6–4.8‰ relative to 15Nextr. However, under the most N-deficiency conditions in soils of mountain tundra lichen and shrub heaths, Nmicr does not accumulate an increased amount of 15N. We have not revealed a close correlation of δ15Nmicr and Δ15Nmicr with the C/N ratio. The accumulation of 15N in microbial biomass is much stronger related to N-mineralization (positively) and the nitrogen use efficiency (negatively). This testifies to the important role of microbial nitrogen dissimilation in controlling the isotopic composition of soil microbial biomass nitrogen.

Increasing intrinsic water-use efficiency over the past 160 years does not stimulate tree growth in southeastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Guo ◽  
K Fang ◽  
J Li ◽  
HW Linderholm ◽  
D Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Southeastern China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A comparative appraisal of urea super granule application in raised bed and prilled urea application in conventional planting for transplanted boro rice (Oryza sativa)

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 822-832
Author(s):  
Halim Mahmud Bhuyan ◽  
Most. Razina Ferdousi ◽  
Mohammad Toufiq Iqbal ◽  
Ahmed Khairul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Deep Placement ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
Planting Methods ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Raised Bed ◽  
Boro Rice

Utilization of urea super granule (USG) with raised bed cultivation system for transplanted boro (winter, irrigated) rice production is a major concern now days. A field experiment was conducted in the chuadanga district of Bangladesh to compare the two cultivation methods: deep placement of USG on raised bed with boro rice, and prilled urea (PU) broadcasting in conventional planting. Results showed that USG in raised bed planting increased grain yields of transplanted boro rice by up to 18.18% over PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in raised bed planting increased the number of panicle m-2, number of grains panicle-1 and 1000-grains weight of boro rice than the PU in conventional planting. Better plant growth was observed by deep placement of USG in raised bed planting compared to PU in conventional planting. Sterility percentage and weed infestation were lower on USG in raised bed planting compared to the PU in conventional planting methods. Forty seven percent irrigation water and application time could be saved by USG in raised bed planting than PU in conventional planting. Deep placement of USG in bed saved N fertilizer consumption over conventional planting. Water use efficiency for grain and biomass production was higher with deep placement of USG in bed planting than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting methods. Similarly, agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer by USG in bed planting was significantly higher than the PU broadcasting in conventional planting. This study concluded that deep placement of USG in raised bed planting for transplanted boro rice is a new approach to achieve fertilizer and water use efficiency as well as higher yield and less water input compared to existing agronomic practices in Bangladesh.

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