scholarly journals The Status of Compound Relatives in the Northumbrian Old English Gloss to the Rushworth Gospels

2021 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-532
Author(s):  
Gerardo Sánchez Argüelles
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Status

Directional Out Of in the History of English: Grammaticalization and Reanalysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-126
Author(s):  
Marion Elenbaas
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Structural Reanalysis ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Particle Verb ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
English I

In Present-Day English, the particle out is obligatorily adjacent to the following of PP, as in He pulled the plugs out of his ears / *He pulled out the plugs of his ears, even though particles can normally precede or follow the object of the particle verb, as in Hepulled out the plugs / Hepulled the plugs out. Interestingly, in Old English and Middle English, the particle out could occur either adjacent or nonadjacent to the of PP. Based on corpus data covering the period from Old English to Late Modern English, I show that the change in the syntax of directional out of involves grammaticalization: The bleaching of the directional meaning of the preposition of led to a structural reanalysis by which the of PP became included in the particle's phrasal projection and could no longer be separated from the particle out. This in turn led to phono-logical reduction of the preposition of. The loss of the nonadjacent option is argued to be connected to the status of particles as optionally projecting elements.*

scholarly journals On the Auxiliary Status of Dare in Old English

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Subjunctive Mood ◽  
Electronic Form ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Auxiliary Verb ◽  
Machine Readable

Abstract OE *durran ‘dare’ belongs to a group of the so-called preterite-present verbs which developed weak past tense forms replacing the originally strong forms throughout the paradigm. The present study hypothesizes that the potential sources of this development are related to the decay of the subjunctive mood in Old English. Further, this corpus-based study analyses the status of DARE in Old English, with the findings showing that the verb displayed both lexical and auxiliary verb characteristics. These results are juxtaposed and compared with the verb's developments in Middle English. The databases examined are the corpus of The Dictionary of Old English in Electronic Form (A-G) and the Innsbruck Computer Archive of Machine-Readable English Texts. In both cases, a search of potential forms was performed on all the files of the corpora, the raw results were then analysed in order to eliminate irrelevant instances (adjectives, nouns, foreign words, etc.). The relevant forms were examined with the aim to check the properties of DARE as a lexical and an auxiliary verb, and compare the findings with Molencki’s (2002, 2005) observations.

THE STATUS OF VOICED FRICATIVES IN OLD ENGLISH

1985 ◽  
Vol 19 (Historica vol. 6,2) ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. ANDERSON
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals The status ofhwætin Old English

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE WALKDEN
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Old Saxon ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Lives Of Saints ◽  
Epic Poem ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constituent Order

It is commonly held that Old Englishhwæt, well known within Anglo-Saxon studies as the first word of the epic poemBeowulf, can be ‘used as an adv[erb]. or interj[ection]. Why, what! ah!’ (Bosworth & Toller 1898, s.v.hwæt, 1) as well as the neuter singular of the interrogative pronounhwā‘what’. In this article I challenge the view thathwætcan have the status of an interjection (i.e. be outside the clause that it precedes). I present evidence from Old English and Old Saxon constituent order which suggests thathwætis unlikely to be extra-clausal. Data is drawn from the Old EnglishBede, Ælfric'sLives of Saintsand the Old SaxonHeliand. In all three texts the verb appears later in clauses preceded byhwætthan is normal in root clauses (Fisher's exact test, p < 0.0001 in both cases). Ifhwætaffects the constituent order of the clause it precedes, then it cannot be truly clause-external. I argue that it ishwætcombined with the clause that follows it that delivers the interpretive effect of exclamation, nothwætalone. The structure ofhwæt-clauses is sketched following Rett's (2008) analysis of exclamatives. I conclude that Old Englishhwæt(as well as its Old Saxon cognate) was not an interjection but an underspecifiedwh-pronoun introducing an exclamative clause.

The status of to in Old English to-infinitives: A reply to Kageyama

Lingua ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 99 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 107-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Status

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Kristian A. Rusten
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Null Subject ◽  
The Status

This chapter introduces the issues to be investigated in the book. It defines the concept of referential null subject, and gives an outline of previous statements concerning the status of such subjects in Old English, as well as a presentation of the null subject phenomenon as it manifests itself in the wider Old Germanic context. Previous works on null subjects in Old English have reached widely diverging conclusions: some scholars say that null subjects did not occur in Old English, while others state that Old English was a canonical pro-drop language. Walkden (2013) suggested the compromise that null subjects are a case of diatopic variation. The question of the possibility of null subjects in Old English, and the diverging descriptions and explanations of this phenomenon, are presented as the main motivations for the book. The chapter also introduces the data material and methods used.

Ireland in translation

English Today ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cronin
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Henry Viii ◽  
Richard Ii ◽  
Anglo Norman ◽  
The Status

Translation has long featured as a convenient metaphor for the Irish condition. However, its use as metaphor should not disguise the insights translation provides into the status and formation of Irish English. When Richard II arrived in Ireland in 1394 his problems were not only political and military. They were also linguistic. On the occasion of the visit of the Irish kings to Richard in Dublin that same year, James Butler, the second Earl of Ormond, had to interpret the king's speech into Irish. Loyalty to Richard's kingship did not extend to loyalty to his chosen tongue. The translation skills of another Earl of Ormond would be further called upon in 1541 when the Irish parliament made Henry VIII King of Ireland. The Earl on this occasion interpreted the Speaker's address into Irish for the benefit of the Lords and Commons, although they were predominantly of Anglo-Norman or Old English origin. The act of translation, in this instance, was not without its ironies. James Butler was interpreting into a language that had been outlawed four years previously under the Act for the English Order, Habit and Language.

scholarly journals The Status of Passive Constructions in Old English

2017 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-90
Author(s):  
Howard Jones ◽  
Morgan Macleod
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals Prevalence of the MDR1 gene mutation in herding dog breeds and Thai Ridgebacks in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 3015-3020
Author(s):  
Chommanad Lerdkrai ◽  
Nuch Phungphosop
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Mdr1 Gene ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Direct Dna Sequencing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa

Background and Aim: A canine multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR1) nt230(del4) is a well-known inherited disorder that primarily affects collies and various herding breeds. The most recognized clinical implication for affected dogs is associated with an increased risk of multiple drug toxicity. To date, MDR1 gene mutations have been identified globally, especially in dogs from the USA and European countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MDR1 nt230(del4) in herding dog breeds and Thai Ridgebacks in Thailand. Materials and Methods: We clarified the prevalence of MDR1 nt230(del4) in 263 dogs of eight purebred dog breeds in Thailand using an allele-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction method and direct DNA sequencing. Results: Rough Collies, Australian Shepherds, Shetland Sheepdogs, and Old English Sheepdogs were affected by the mutation with mutant allelic frequencies of 57.14%, 12.82%, 11.28%, and 8.33%, respectively. Among these populations, the prevalence of the MDR1 (+/–) genotype was 57.14% (12/21) for Rough Collies, 25.64% (10/39) for Australian Shepherds, 16.13% (15/93) for Shetland Sheepdogs, and 16.67% (2/12) for Old English Sheepdogs, whereas the MDR1 (–/–) mutation was only identified in Rough Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs, with prevalences of 28.57% (6/21) and 3.22% (3/93), respectively. However, the MDR1 nt230(del4) was not identified in Border Collies, German Shepherds, White Swiss Shepherds, or Thai Ridgebacks. Conclusion: This study provides the current situation regarding MDR1 nt230(del4) in herding dog breeds in Thailand. In this survey, we investigated for the first time the status of MDR1 genotype in Thai Ridgebacks. These results are helpful for veterinarians managing effective therapeutic plans for commonly affected dog breeds, and these results will encourage all breeders to improve their selective breeding programs based on the MDR1 nt230(del4) status.

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