scholarly journals Prevalence of the MDR1 gene mutation in herding dog breeds and Thai Ridgebacks in Thailand

2021 ◽  
pp. 3015-3020
Author(s):  
Chommanad Lerdkrai ◽  
Nuch Phungphosop
Keyword(s):  
Old English ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Method ◽  
Mdr1 Gene ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Direct Dna Sequencing ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa

Background and Aim: A canine multi-drug resistance 1 (MDR1) nt230(del4) is a well-known inherited disorder that primarily affects collies and various herding breeds. The most recognized clinical implication for affected dogs is associated with an increased risk of multiple drug toxicity. To date, MDR1 gene mutations have been identified globally, especially in dogs from the USA and European countries. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of MDR1 nt230(del4) in herding dog breeds and Thai Ridgebacks in Thailand. Materials and Methods: We clarified the prevalence of MDR1 nt230(del4) in 263 dogs of eight purebred dog breeds in Thailand using an allele-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction method and direct DNA sequencing. Results: Rough Collies, Australian Shepherds, Shetland Sheepdogs, and Old English Sheepdogs were affected by the mutation with mutant allelic frequencies of 57.14%, 12.82%, 11.28%, and 8.33%, respectively. Among these populations, the prevalence of the MDR1 (+/–) genotype was 57.14% (12/21) for Rough Collies, 25.64% (10/39) for Australian Shepherds, 16.13% (15/93) for Shetland Sheepdogs, and 16.67% (2/12) for Old English Sheepdogs, whereas the MDR1 (–/–) mutation was only identified in Rough Collies and Shetland Sheepdogs, with prevalences of 28.57% (6/21) and 3.22% (3/93), respectively. However, the MDR1 nt230(del4) was not identified in Border Collies, German Shepherds, White Swiss Shepherds, or Thai Ridgebacks. Conclusion: This study provides the current situation regarding MDR1 nt230(del4) in herding dog breeds in Thailand. In this survey, we investigated for the first time the status of MDR1 genotype in Thai Ridgebacks. These results are helpful for veterinarians managing effective therapeutic plans for commonly affected dog breeds, and these results will encourage all breeders to improve their selective breeding programs based on the MDR1 nt230(del4) status.

scholarly journals MUTATION C3435T IN MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE GENE MDR1 AS PHARMACOGENETIC MARKER OF SEVERE COURSE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Z A Mironova ◽  
V I Trofimov ◽  
Е D Iantchina ◽  
A S Ulitina ◽  
М V Dubina
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Mdr1 Gene ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Peripheral Blood Leucocytes

Background. Early detection and treatment of severe forms of bronchial asthma (BA) is one of serious problems in clinical practice. BA is a multifactorial disease, so its progression is a result of both environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Aim of the study. To determine frequencies of genetic variants resulted from the mutation C3435T (rs1045642) in MDR1 gene among patients with different BA severity and in healthy controls. Methods. The trial included 122 patients with different severity of BA course and 103 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes by routine phenol-chloroform protocol. Allelic variants were determined by polymerase chain reaction with subsequent restriction analysis with MboI restriction endonuclease. Results. For the first time association of allelic variant 3435C of MDR1 gene with BA was revealed. Differences between MDR1 genotypes distributions persisted in case of stratification BA patients according their severity courses. Severity of BA course was found to be strongly associated with 3435C allele. Conclusion. Allele 3435C and genotype 3435CC of gene MDR1 are markers of increased risk of BA progression. In patients with BA these alleles are associated with unfavorable severe course of the disease. Genotype 3435TT of gene MDR1 is a protective marker associated with favorable and well-controlled BA course.

Implementation status of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals: A quantitative analysis study in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam

MedPharmRes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Thi-Hai-Yen Nguyen ◽  
Truong Van Dat ◽  
Phuong-Thao Huynh ◽  
Chi-Thuong Tang ◽  
Vinh-Chau Van Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
The Status ◽  
Specific Assessment ◽  
Implementation Status

Vietnam has one of the highest multi drug resistance in Asia. Although, despite many efforts to implement the Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (the ASP) since 2016, studies that on the implementation policy are very lacking of this program are limited. For that reason, we conducted this cross-sectional study to analyze the viewpoint of health workers (HWs) on the implementation of the ASP at some hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). An assessment of 234 HWs showed that the implementation of the ASP in HCMC hospitals was above average (62.7/100.0). A barrier to the implementation consisted of the deficiency in finances, guidelines for diagnosis, and specific interventions for some common infections, such as distributing current antibiogram and monitoring rate of Clostridioides difficile infections. These were the widely recognized problems in initially implementing the ASP. Although most HWs are aware of the importance of implementing the ASP (79.1%), the specific assessment has not been recorded clearly due to the numerous neutral responses. Despite the support of the leadership, the implementation still faces many difficulties and limitations, especially in 3rd and 4th class hospitals. Besides, there was a lack of wide dissemination of information on the ASP at each unit. To generalize the status of the ASP implementation, researchers should conduct qualitative and quantitative studies with a larger scale.

The Capacity of a Specific Anti-Streptococcus Mutans Monoclonal Antibodies Test to Identify the Diabetic Patients with Increased Risk of Periodontal Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2556-2559
Author(s):  
Mona Ionas ◽  
Sebastian Ioan Cernusca Mitariu ◽  
Adela Dancila ◽  
Tiberiu Horatiu Ionas ◽  
Raluca Monica Comaneanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
A Value ◽  
Salivary Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status

By means of a specific anti-Streptococcus mutans monoclonal antibodies test we want to identify the diabetic patients which have an increased risk to develop the periodontal disease. The highest percentage, of 88.1% of all patients included in this study represents the subjects with a level greater than 500,000 cfu / mL of streptococcus mutans. The Kruskal-Wallis test reveals a value of p = 0.283 resulted from the status of diabetes in patients and the level of streptococcus mutans in saliva. In conclusion, the status of diabetes in patients seems not to influence the salivary level of mutans streptococci determined with the method used in our study.

Mutation Mechanisms of Breast Cancer among the Female Population in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Asmaa Amer ◽  
Ahmed Nagah ◽  
Tianhai Tian ◽  
Xinan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Driver Mutations ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Breast Epithelium ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Multistage Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Intermediate Cells ◽  
Mutation Mechanisms

Background: Cancer is a genetic disease caused by the accumulation of gene mutations. It is important to derive the number of driver mutations that are needed for the development of human breast cancer, which may provide insights into the tumor diagnosis and therapy. Objective: This work is designed to investigate whether there is any difference for the mutation mechanism of breast cancer between the patients in the USA and those in China. We study the mechanisms of breast cancer development in China, and then compare these mechanisms with those in the USA. Methods: This work designed a multistage model including both gene mutation and clonal expansion of intermediate cells to fit the dataset of breast cancer in China from 2004 to 2009. Results: Our simulation results show that the maximum number of driver mutations for breast epithelium stem cells of females in China is 13 which is less than the 14 driver mutations of females in the USA. In addition, the two-hit model is the optimal one for the tumorigenesis of females in China, which is also different from the three-hit model that was predicted as the optimal model for the tumorigenesis of females in the USA. Conclusion: The differences of the mutation mechanisms between China and the USA reflect a variety of lifestyle, genetic influences, environmental exposure, and the availability of mammography screening.

Why Not Allow FASB and IASB Standards to Compete in the U.S.?

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Dye ◽  
Shyam Sunder
Keyword(s):  
Network Externalities ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Regulatory Competition ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Status ◽  
Informative Signals ◽  
The U.S

This paper discusses arguments for and against introducing competition into the accounting standard-setting process in the U.S. by allowing individual corporations to issue financial reports prepared in accordance with either FASB or IASB rules. The paper examines several arguments supporting the status quo, including (1) the FASB's experience and world leadership in making accounting rules; (2) the increased risk of a “race to the bottom” under regulatory competition; (3) the inability of most users of financial reports to understand the complex technical issues underlying accounting standards; (4) the possibility that IASB's standards will be diluted to gain international acceptance, allowing additional opportunities for earnings management; (5) the risks of the IASB being deadlocked or captured by interests hostile to business; (6) the costs of experimentation in standard setting; and (7) economies from network externalities. Arguments examined on the other side include how competition will (1) help meet the needs of globalized businesses; (2) increase the likelihood that the accounting standards will be efficient; (3) help protect standard setters from undue pressure from interest groups; (4) allow different standards to develop for different corporate clienteles; (5) allow corporations to send more informative signals by their choice of accounting standards; (6) protect corporations against capture of regulatory body by narrow interests; and (7) not affect network externalities at national or global scales.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis of Targeted Insecticide Resistance Gene Mutations in Field-Caught Mosquitos of Medical Importance From Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Fang ◽  
Ernest Tambo ◽  
Jing-Bo Xue ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Nong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exon 20

Abstract Gene mutations on target sites can be a valuable indicator of the status of insecticide resistance. Jeddah, a global commercial and major port-of-entry city, is bearing the brunt of dengue disease burden in Saudi Arabia. In the current study, six genotypes of three codon combinations (989, 1016, and 1534) were observed on voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene in Jeddah’s Aedes aegypti population, with PGF/PGC as the dominant one. Two types of introns between exon 20 and 21 on VGSC have been identified for the first time in Ae. aegypti in Saudi Arabia. Statistical and phylogenetic analyses showed that the intron type was significantly associated with the 1016 allele and may reflect the history of insecticide treatment in different continents. In addition, fixation of the L1014F allele on VGSC and G119S on acetylcholinesterase 1 gene was detected in local Culex quinquefasciatus populations, with frequencies of 95.24 and 100%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of resistant-associated mutations in field-caught Cx. quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia. The high prevalence of insecticide resistance gene mutations in local primary mosquito vector species highlights the urgent need to carry out comprehensive insecticide resistance surveillance in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals A systematic review of potential habitat suitability for the jaguar Panthera onca in central Arizona and New Mexico, USA

Oryx ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Eric W. Sanderson ◽  
Kim Fisher ◽  
Rob Peters ◽  
Jon P. Beckmann ◽  
Bryan Bird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Panthera Onca ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Potential Habitat ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Mexico Border ◽  
Conservation Plan

Abstract In April 2019, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) released its recovery plan for the jaguar Panthera onca after several decades of discussion, litigation and controversy about the status of the species in the USA. The USFWS estimated that potential habitat, south of the Interstate-10 highway in Arizona and New Mexico, had a carrying capacity of c. six jaguars, and so focused its recovery programme on areas south of the USA–Mexico border. Here we present a systematic review of the modelling and assessment efforts over the last 25 years, with a focus on areas north of Interstate-10 in Arizona and New Mexico, outside the recovery unit considered by the USFWS. Despite differences in data inputs, methods, and analytical extent, the nine previous studies found support for potential suitable jaguar habitat in the central mountain ranges of Arizona and New Mexico. Applying slightly modified versions of the USFWS model and recalculating an Arizona-focused model over both states provided additional confirmation. Extending the area of consideration also substantially raised the carrying capacity of habitats in Arizona and New Mexico, from six to 90 or 151 adult jaguars, using the modified USFWS models. This review demonstrates the crucial ways in which choosing the extent of analysis influences the conclusions of a conservation plan. More importantly, it opens a new opportunity for jaguar conservation in North America that could help address threats from habitat losses, climate change and border infrastructure.

scholarly journals Defining a research agenda for youth sport specialisation in the USA: the AMSSM Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Stephanie A Kliethermes ◽  
Stephen W Marshall ◽  
Cynthia R LaBella ◽  
Andrew M Watson ◽  
Joel S Brenner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Agenda ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Youth Sport ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Society ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Usa

Sport specialisation is becoming increasingly common among youth and adolescent athletes in the USA and many have raised concern about this trend. Although research on sport specialisation has grown significantly, numerous pressing questions remain pertaining to short-term and long-term effects of specialisation on the health and well-being of youth, including the increased risk of overuse injury and burnout. Many current elite athletes did not specialise at an early age. Methodological and study design limitations impact the quality of current literature, and researchers need to prioritise pressing research questions to promote safe and healthy youth sport participation. The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine hosted a Youth Early Sport Specialization Summit in April 2019 with the goal of synthesising and reviewing current scientific knowledge and developing a research agenda to guide future research in the field based on the identified gaps in knowledge. This statement provides a broad summary of the existing literature, gaps and limitations in current evidence and identifies key research priorities to help guide researchers conducting research on youth sport specialisation. Our goals are to help improve the quality and relevance of research on youth sport specialisation and to ultimately assure that opportunities for healthy and safe sport participation continue for all youth.

scholarly journals Rare diseases caused by abnormal calcium sensing and signalling

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-617
Author(s):  
Judit Tőke ◽  
Gábor Czirják ◽  
Péter Enyedi ◽  
Miklós Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bartter Syndrome ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Calcium Signal ◽  
Extracellular Calcium Concentration ◽  
Calcium Sensing ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractThe calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) provides the major mechanism for the detection of extracellular calcium concentration in several cell types, via the induction of G-protein-coupled signalling. Accordingly, CaSR plays a pivotal role in calcium homeostasis, and the CaSR gene defects are related to diseases characterized by serum calcium level changes. Activating mutations of the CaSR gene cause enhanced sensitivity to extracellular calcium concentration resulting in autosomal dominant hypocalcemia or Bartter-syndrome type V. Inactivating CaSR gene mutations lead to resistance to extracellular calcium. In these cases, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia (FHH1) or neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism (NSHPT) can develop. FHH2 and FHH3 are associated with mutations of genes of partner proteins of calcium signal transduction. The common polymorphisms of the CaSR gene have been reported not to affect the calcium homeostasis itself; however, they may be associated with the increased risk of malignancies.

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