As water pollution is more and more serious, ArcGIS is proposed to explore the impact of environmental and ecological factors on water. Taking the river water quality as the research object, this paper simulates and analyzes the endogenous and non-point source pollution and water
quality through indoor physical model experiment, hydrological and water quality numerical model and water quality numerical model, and analyzes the impact of different environmental changes on river water quality and pollution sources from micro and macro perspectives. The main contents include:
experimental study on the influence mechanism of overlying water velocity, disturbance and water temperature on sediment endogenous release, construction and simulation of watershed non-point source pollution model, construction and simulation of watershed river water quality model, as well
as the impact of environmental change on river water quality and quantitative analysis of river pollution sources.