DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN SPATIAL AND OBJECT-BASED WORKING MEMORY USING COMPLEX STIMULI: AN ERP STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 1457-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTHONY SINGHAL
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Object Based

scholarly journals Individual differences in working memory capacity are unrelated to the magnitudes of retrocue benefits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxiong Ye ◽  
Qianru Xu ◽  
Xinyang Liu ◽  
Piia Astikainen ◽  
Yongjie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Capacity Measurement ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Feature Dimension ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internal Attention

AbstractPrevious studies have associated visual working memory (VWM) capacity with the use of internal attention. Retrocues, which direct internal attention to a particular object or feature dimension, can improve VWM performance (i.e., retrocue benefit, RCB). However, so far, no study has investigated the relationship between VWM capacity and the magnitudes of RCBs obtained from object-based and dimension-based retrocues. The present study explored individual differences in the magnitudes of object- and dimension-based RCBs and their relationships with VWM capacity. Participants completed a VWM capacity measurement, an object-based cue task, and a dimension-based cue task. We confirmed that both object- and dimension-based retrocues could improve VWM performance. We also found a significant positive correlation between the magnitudes of object- and dimension-based RCB indexes, suggesting a partly overlapping mechanism between the use of object- and dimension-based retrocues. However, our results provided no evidence for a correlation between VWM capacity and the magnitudes of the object- or dimension-based RCBs. Although inadequate attention control is usually assumed to be associated with VWM capacity, the results suggest that the internal attention mechanism for using retrocues in VWM retention is independent of VWM capacity.

scholarly journals Object-based Attention Underlies the Storage of Event Files in Working Memory

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Xiqian Lu ◽  
Yangfan Zhao ◽  
Rende Shui ◽  
Mowei Shen ◽  
Zaifeng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Event Files

scholarly journals Bindings in working memory: The role of object-based attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaifeng Gao ◽  
Fan Wu ◽  
Fangfang Qiu ◽  
Kaifeng He ◽  
Yue Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Object Based

scholarly journals Dissecting the Neural Focus of Attention Reveals Distinct Processes for Spatial Attention and Object-Based Storage in Visual Working Memory

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 526-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Hakim ◽  
Kirsten C. S. Adam ◽  
Eren Gunseli ◽  
Edward Awh ◽  
Edward K. Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Neural Signals ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Spatial Orienting ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Object Storage ◽  
On Line

Complex cognition relies on both on-line representations in working memory (WM), said to reside in the focus of attention, and passive off-line representations of related information. Here, we dissected the focus of attention by showing that distinct neural signals index the on-line storage of objects and sustained spatial attention. We recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during two tasks that employed identical stimulus displays but varied the relative demands for object storage and spatial attention. We found distinct delay-period signatures for an attention task (which required only spatial attention) and a WM task (which invoked both spatial attention and object storage). Although both tasks required active maintenance of spatial information, only the WM task elicited robust contralateral delay activity that was sensitive to mnemonic load. Thus, we argue that the focus of attention is maintained via a collaboration between distinct processes for covert spatial orienting and object-based storage.

scholarly journals Object-based selection in visual working memory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-ting Lin ◽  
Garry Kong ◽  
Daryl Fougnie
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Object Selection ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Memory Experiment ◽  
Object Feature ◽  
Feature Dimension ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Attentional Mechanisms

AbstractAttentional mechanisms in perception can operate over locations, features, or objects. However, people direct attention not only towards information in the external world, but also to information maintained in working memory. To what extent do perception and memory draw on similar selection properties? Here we examined whether principles of object-based attention can also hold true in visual working memory. Experiment 1 examined whether object structure guides selection independently of spatial distance. In a memory updating task, participants encoded two rectangular bars with colored ends before updating two colors during maintenance. Memory updates were faster for two equidistant colors on the same object than on different objects. Experiment 2 examined whether selection of a single object feature spreads to other features within the same object. Participants memorized two sequentially presented Gabors, and a retro-cue indicated which object and feature dimension (color or orientation) would be most relevant to the memory test. We found stronger effects of object selection than feature selection: accuracy was higher for the uncued feature in the same object than the cued feature in the other object. Together these findings demonstrate effects of object-based attention on visual working memory, at least when object-based representations are encouraged, and suggest shared attentional mechanisms across perception and memory.

scholarly journals Feature binding in Working Memory Requires Object-based Attention

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
Mowei Shen ◽  
Xiqian Lu ◽  
Xiang Huang ◽  
Shulin Chen ◽  
Jifan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Feature Binding ◽  
Object Based

scholarly journals Interhemispheric Connectivity Supports Load-Dependent Working Memory Maintenance for Complex Visual Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Reichert Plaska ◽  
Jefferson Ortega ◽  
Bernard A. Gomes ◽  
Timothy M. Ellmore
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Phase Locking ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Verbal Rehearsal ◽  
Complex Stimuli ◽  
Low Load

AbstractAn open question in the working memory (WM) field is how information is kept online during the WM delay period. Maintenance of simple stimuli in WM is supported by connectivity between frontal and parietal brain regions. How does delay period activity and connectivity support WM of complex stimuli? Twenty-two participants completed a modified Sternberg WM task with complex stimuli and were told to remember either 2 (low-load) or 5 (high-load) scenes while 32- channel scalp EEG was recorded. During the 6-sec delay period 6 phase-scrambled scenes were presented, which served as interference. While increasing the WM load, particularly with complex stimuli, places a greater demand on attentional resources, interfering stimuli may hijack the available resources. This was confirmed in the examination of theta and alpha amplitude, as amplitude was reduced for the high WM load as compared with the low WM load across frontal, central, and parietal regions. Delay period connectivity was assessed with phase-locking value (PLV). We identified 3 supporting networks that facilitated performance for the low-load condition: 1) increased PLV between left frontal and right posterior temporal in the theta and alpha bands; 2) increased PLV between right anterior temporal and left central in the alpha and lower beta bands; and 3) increased PLV between left anterior temporal and left posterior temporal in theta, alpha, and lower beta bands for the low-load condition. These results suggest that these brain networks facilitated the low-load WM by filtering of interference and the use of verbal rehearsal during the delay period.Impact StatementAlthough, studies of working memory maintenance with simple stimuli have suggested a role of frontal-parietal networks in supporting maintenance, the current study suggests that maintenance of complex visual stimuli with interference present is supported by interhemispheric frontal-posterior temporal and intrahemispheric left temporal region connectivity. These networks support maintenance by filtering of the interfering stimuli, which facilitates the use of verbal rehearsal strategies during the delay period.

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