Phylogenetic relationships in the family Hyaloscyphaceae inferred from sequences of ITS regions, 5.8S ribosomal DNA and morphological characters

AbstractThe systematics and phylogenetic relationships of the family Leptodactylidae are controversial as is the intrafamilial phylogeny of the leptodactylids. Here we analyze the relationships of the leptodactylid subfamily Hylodinae. This subfamily has been considered to be monophyletic and composed of three genera, Hylodes, Crossodactylus and Megaelosia. In the present study 49 characters were used, based on different studies on Leptodactylidae phylogeny. Maximum parsimony methods with unweighted and successively weighted characters were used to estimate the phylogeny of the Hylodinae. Upon analysis, the data provided further evidence of the monophyletic status of the three genera, with Megaelosia being the basal genus and the other two genera being sister taxa. The analysis with successive weighting results in a more resolved topology of the species subgroups of the genus Hylodes and separates this genus from Crossodactylus and confirms that the hylodines are monophyletic.

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Cretaceous origin and repeated tertiary diversification of the redefined butterflies

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2011.1430 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 279 (1731) ◽

pp. 1093-1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

Maria Heikkilä ◽

Lauri Kaila ◽

Marko Mutanen ◽

Carlos Peña ◽

Niklas Wahlberg

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Bayesian Approaches ◽

The Family ◽

Family Level ◽

Morphological And Molecular Data

Although the taxonomy of the ca 18 000 species of butterflies and skippers is well known, the family-level relationships are still debated. Here, we present, to our knowledge, the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the superfamilies Papilionoidea, Hesperioidea and Hedyloidea to date based on morphological and molecular data. We reconstructed their phylogenetic relationships using parsimony and Bayesian approaches. We estimated times and rates of diversification along lineages in order to reconstruct their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that the butterflies, as traditionally understood, are paraphyletic, with Papilionidae being the sister-group to Hesperioidea, Hedyloidea and all other butterflies. Hence, the families in the current three superfamilies should be placed in a single superfamily Papilionoidea. In addition, we find that Hedylidae is sister to Hesperiidae, and this novel relationship is supported by two morphological characters. The families diverged in the Early Cretaceous but diversified after the Cretaceous–Palaeogene event. The diversification of butterflies is characterized by a slow speciation rate in the lineage leading to Baronia brevicornis , a period of stasis by the skippers after divergence and a burst of diversification in the lineages leading to Nymphalidae, Riodinidae and Lycaenidae.

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Phylogeny of dracunculoid nematodes (Chromadorea: Rhabditida: Spirurina: Dracunculoidea) from some Eurasian freshwater fishes

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4858.4.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4858 (4) ◽

pp. 521-541

Author(s):

SERGEY G. SOKOLOV ◽

ALEXANDER P. KALMYKOV ◽

SVETLANA V. MALYSHEVA

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationship ◽

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Type Species ◽

Freshwater Fishes ◽

Ssu Rdna ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

The Family

Sets of small ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) and large ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) sequences were obtained for Philometroides moraveci Vismanis & Yunchis, 1994, Philometra kotlani (Molnár, 1969), Philometra rischta Skrjabin, 1923, Philometra cf. obturans (Prenant, 1886) (Philometridae), Sinoichthyonema amuri (Garkavi, 1972), Agrachanus scardinii (Molnár, 1966), Kalmanmolnaria intestinalis (Dogiel & Bychowsky, 1934) and Skrjabillanus tincae Shigin & Shigina, 1958 (Skrjabillanidae). Phylogenetic analysis of SSU rDNA data shows that dracunculoid nematodes are divided into two well-supported clades designated as Clade I and Clade II, respectively. Clade I includes the type species of the genus Philonema Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933, some species from the family Daniconematidae Moravec & Køie, 1987 and two subfamilies of skrjabillanids, Skrjabillaninae Shigin & Shigina, 1958 and Esocineminae Moravec, 2006. Clade II unites species from the families Dracunculidae Stiles, 1907, Micropleuridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926 and Philometridae Baylis & Daubney, 1926. Within the Philometridae, there are several well-supported groups of species, one of which unites freshwater Philometra spp. from the Palearctic cyprinids, identified as P. kotlani, P rischta, P. ovata (Zeder, 1803) and P. cyprinirutili (Creplin, 1825). However, the phylogenetic relationships of most philometrids are unresolved. An analysis of partial SSU and LSU rDNA sequences indicates that there is no direct phylogenetic relationship between Agrachanus Tikhomirova, 1971 (type species Skrjabillanus scardinii Molnár, 1966) and Skrjabillanus Shigin & Shigina, 1958 (type species Sk. tincae), which means that the genus Agrachanus can be resurrected. Our study confirms that Philonematinae Ivashkin, Sobolev & Khromova, 1971 should be elevated to the family rank. We formally establish the family Philonematidae Ivashkin, Sobolev & Khromova, 1971 stat. nov. We also suggest combining the superfamilies Dracunculoidea Stiles, 1907 and Camallanoidea Railliet & Henry, 1915 into the infraorder Camallanomorpha Roberts, Janovy & Nadler, 2013.

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Phylogenetic Relationships within the Cyst-Forming Nematodes (Nematoda, Heteroderidae) Based on Analysis of Sequences from the ITS Regions of Ribosomal DNA

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution ◽

10.1006/mpev.2001.0998 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 93

Author(s):

Sergei A Subbotin ◽

Andy Vierstraete ◽

Paul De Ley ◽

Janet Rowe ◽

Lieven Waeyenberge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ribosomal Dna ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Its Regions

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Restructuring the Ancorabolidae Sars (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) and Cletodidae T. Scott, with a new phylogenetic hypothesis regarding the relationships of the Laophontoidea T. Scott, Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae

Zoosystematics and Evolution ◽

10.3897/zse.96.51349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 455-498

Author(s):

Kai Horst George

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sister Group Relationship ◽

Phylogenetic Hypothesis ◽

The Family ◽

Swimming Leg

Uncovering the systematics of CopepodaHarpacticoida, the second-most abundant component of the meiobenthos after Nematoda, is of major importance for any further research dedicated especially to ecological and biogeographical approaches. Based on the evolution of the podogennontan first swimming leg, a new phylogenetic concept of the Ancorabolidae Sars and Cletodidae T. Scott sensu Por (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) is presented, using morphological characteristics. It confirms the polyphyletic status of the Ancorabolidae and its subfamily Ancorabolinae Sars and the paraphyletic status of the subfamily Laophontodinae Lang. Moreover, it clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of the so far assigned members of the family. An exhaustive phylogenetic analysis was undertaken using 150 morphological characters, resulting in the establishment of a now well-justified monophylum Ancorabolidae. In that context, the Ancorabolus-lineage sensu Conroy-Dalton and Huys is elevated to sub-family rank. Furthermore, the membership of Ancorabolina George in a rearranged monophylum Laophontodinae is confirmed. Conversely, the Ceratonotus-group sensu Conroy-Dalton is transferred from the hitherto Ancorabolinae to the Cletodidae. Within these, the Ceratonotus-group and its hypothesised sister-group Cletodes Brady are combined to form a monophyletic subfamily Cletodinae T. Scott, subfam. nov. Consequently, it was necessary to restructure the Ancorabolidae, Ancorabolinae and Laophontodinae and extend the Cletodidae to include the displacement and exclusion of certain taxa. Moreover, comparison of the Ancorabolidae, Cletodidae, Laophontoidea and other Podogennonta shows that the Ancorabolidae and Cletodidae form sister-groups in a monophylum Cletodoidea Bowman and Abele, which similarly has a sister-group-relationship with the Laophontoidea T. Scott. According to the present study, both taxa constitute a derived monophylum within the Podogennonta Lang.

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Revisited phylogeny of Bethylinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) solves basal polytomy

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-00002202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 296-346

Author(s):

Magno S. Ramos ◽

Celso O. Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Female Characters ◽

Wing Morphology ◽

Male And Female ◽

Strongly Convex ◽

The Family ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Time

Bethylinae are a morphologically well-defined subfamily of Bethylidae, with remarkable characters, such as strongly convex clypeal carina and bifid and angled tarsal claws. However, there is no consensus about the phylogenetic relationships among the genera within the family, regarding mainly Eupsenella and Lytopsenella. To resolve this problem, a phylogeny of the Bethylinae is inferred based on parsimony analyses separately of 43 and 44 morphological characters for males and females, respectively. We performed combined analyses of both sexes with 49 morphological characters, including genitalia. We present a phylogenetic analysis, including a total 118 species of Bethylinae. Male and female characters were included in these analyses. We discuss wing morphology and deformability of forewings for the first time. In summary, the basal polytomy was solved for the first time. Seven of the eight genera were recovered as monophyletic groups. The unique exception is Goniozus, which was retrieved as paraphyletic in all topologies.

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Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2022.1.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2022 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

RAFAEL LEMAITRE ◽

PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN ◽

ULF SORHANNUS

Keyword(s):

Hermit Crab ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Data Matrix ◽

Parsimony Analysis ◽

Consensus Tree ◽

Strict Consensus Tree ◽

The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the “symmetrical” hermit crab family Pylochelidae were analyzed for 41 of the 45 species and subspecies currently considered valid. In the analyses, 78 morphological characters comprised the data matrix and the outgroup consisted of Thalassina anomala, a member of the Thalassinidae, and Munida quadrispina, a member of the Galatheidae. A poorly resolved strict consensus tree was obtained from a heuristic parsimony analysis of unweighted and unordered characters, which showed the family Pylochelidae and the subfamilies Pylochelinae and Pomatochelinae to be monophyletic taxa – the latter two groups had the highest Bremer support values. Additionally, while the subgenus Pylocheles (Pylocheles) was strongly supported, the subgenera Xylocheles, and Bathycheles were not. More fully resolved trees were obtained when using implied weighting, which recognized the monotypic subfamilies Parapylochelinae, Cancellochelinae and Mixtopagurinae. The subfamily Trizochelinae was found to have four distinct clades and several ambiguously placed taxa.

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Phylogenetic analysis of the rumen ciliate family Ophryoscolecidae based on 18S ribosomal RNA sequences, with new sequences fromDiplodinium,Eudiplodinium, andOphryoscolex

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z97-117 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (6) ◽

pp. 963-970 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

André-Denis G. Wright ◽

Denis H. Lynn

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Base Pairs ◽

Rna Sequences ◽

Ribosomal Rna Sequences ◽

The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the largest family of entodiniomorphid rumen ciliates, the Ophryoscolecidae, were inferred from comparisons of small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. These included three new sequences from Diplodinium dentatum (1638 base pairs (bp)), Eudiplodinium maggii (1637 bp), and Ophryoscolex purkynjei (1636 bp). Using morphological characters, Lubinsky constructed a cladogram of the Ophryoscolecidae, and on the basis of his analysis, he divided the family into three subfamilies (Entodiniinae, Diplodiniinae, Ophryoscolecinae) to reflect his "natural" groupings (G. Lubinsky. 1957. Can. J. Zool. 35: 141 – 159). Our cladistic analysis, based on the limited morphological and ultrastructural data available, indicates that there are no synapomorphies supporting the Diplodiniinae sensu Lubinsky. However, based upon the six 18S sequences for the Ophryoscolecidae, the rumen ciliates are monophyletic and fall into three distinct groups corresponding to Lubinsky's subfamilial division of the family. Our molecular analysis shows Entodinium to be the earliest branching rumen ciliate (subfamily Entodiniinae) and Eudiplodinium, not Diplodiium, branching first among the diplodiniines.

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Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomic reanalysis of the family Mithracidae MacLeay (Decapoda : Brachyura : Majoidea)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is13011 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 145 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Amanda M. Windsor ◽

Darryl L. Felder

Keyword(s):

Molecular Phylogeny ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Molecular Phylogenetics ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Mitochondrial Genes ◽

Hard Substrate ◽

The Family ◽

Molecular Dataset

Mithracid crabs comprise a primarily subtidal reef- and rubble-dwelling group inhabiting both tropical and subtropical seas. Despite their relative ubiquity in many hard-substrate environments, there has been little consensus about their phylogenetic relationships or whether their group rank should be that of subfamily or family. We have used a combined molecular dataset of two nuclear (18S, H3) and three mitochondrial (12S, 16S, COI) genes to build a preliminary molecular phylogeny of Majoidea in order to examine the membership of Mithracidae. We then built a second molecular phylogeny based on three mitochondrial genes to assess the internal composition of the family, and conducted comparative morphological examinations of genera and species that resolved in unexpected positions on the phylogram. Four genera are designated under new or resurrected names on the basis of molecular and morphological characters, while memberships of several other existing genera are modified. Following review of molecular and morphological characters, the genera Coelocerus, Cyclocoeloma, Cyphocarcinus, Leptopisa, Micippa, Picrocerodes, Stenocionops and Tiarinia are provisionally excluded from Mithracidae s.s., while Hemus and Pitho are included in it. A key to genera of Mithracidae is provided.

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