Tourism and population change: Long‐term impacts of tourism in the Badenoch and Strathspey district of the Scottish highlands

1986 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Getz
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Scottish Highlands

scholarly journals Increasing frequency of low summer precipitation synchronizes dynamics and compromises metapopulation stability in the Glanville fritillary butterfly

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1806) ◽  
pp. 20150173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayco J. M. Tack ◽  
Tommi Mononen ◽  
Ilkka Hanski
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Spatial Synchrony ◽  
Glanville Fritillary Butterfly ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Climate change is known to shift species' geographical ranges, phenologies and abundances, but less is known about other population dynamic consequences. Here, we analyse spatio-temporal dynamics of the Glanville fritillary butterfly ( Melitaea cinxia ) in a network of 4000 dry meadows during 21 years. The results demonstrate two strong, related patterns: the amplitude of year-to-year fluctuations in the size of the metapopulation as a whole has increased, though there is no long-term trend in average abundance; and there is a highly significant increase in the level of spatial synchrony in population dynamics. The increased synchrony cannot be explained by increasing within-year spatial correlation in precipitation, the key environmental driver of population change, or in per capita growth rate. On the other hand, the frequency of drought during a critical life-history stage (early larval instars) has increased over the years, which is sufficient to explain the increasing amplitude and the expanding spatial synchrony in metapopulation dynamics. Increased spatial synchrony has the general effect of reducing long-term metapopulation viability even if there is no change in average metapopulation size. This study demonstrates how temporal changes in weather conditions can lead to striking changes in spatio-temporal population dynamics.

Harvest rate of sooty shearwaters (Puffinus griseus) by Rakiura Māori: a potential tool to monitor population trends?

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Catherine Kitson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Harvest Rate ◽  
General Index ◽  
Careful Screening ◽  
Potential Tool

Sooty shearwaters (tītī, muttonbird, Puffinus griseus) are highly abundant migratory seabirds, which return to breeding colonies in New Zealand. The Rakiura Māori annual chick harvest on islands adjacent to Rakiura (Stewart Island), is one of the last large-scale customary uses of native wildlife in New Zealand. This study aimed to establish whether the rate at which muttonbirders can extract chicks from their breeding burrows indicates population trends of sooty shearwaters. Harvest rates increased slightly with increasing chick densities on Putauhinu Island. Birders' harvest rates vary in their sensitivities to changing chick density. Therefore a monitoring panel requires careful screening to ensure that harvest rates of the birders selected are sensitive to chick density, and represents a cross-section of different islands. Though harvest rates can provide only a general index of population change, it can provide an inexpensive and feasible way to measure population trends. Detecting trends is the first step to assessing the long-term sustainability of the harvest.

Future Costs of Long-term Care in Japan and Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mårten Lagergren ◽  
Noriko Kurube ◽  
Yasuhiko Saito
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Term Care ◽  
And Gender

Population aging is expected to increase long-term care (LTC) costs in both Japan and Sweden. This study projected LTC costs for 2010 through 2040 for different assumptions of population change, LTC need by age group and gender, and LTC provided per level of need and cost in Japan and Sweden. Population data were taken from the official national forecasts. Needs projections were based on epidemiological data from the Nihon University Japanese Longitudinal Study of Aging and the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions. Data on LTC provision by need and cost were taken from nine Japanese municipalities collected by assessments in the LTC insurance system and from surveys in eight Swedish municipalities. Total initial costs were calibrated to official national figures. Two projections based on two different scenarios were made for each country from 2010 to 2040. The first scenario assumed a constant level of need for LTC by age group and gender, and the other assumed a continuation of the present LTC need trends until 2025. For Japan, this resulted in a projected cost increase of 93% for the one and 80% for the other; for Sweden it was 52% and 24%, respectively. The results reflected differences in population aging and health development.

scholarly journals Population of Puerto Rico not displaced by Hurricanes (for now): It’s the economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Kaneshiro ◽  
Collin McCarter ◽  
Mario Marazzi ◽  
Alexis R Santos-Lozada
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Economic Downturns ◽  
Employment Trends

In September 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall on Puerto Rico and caused 102 billion worth of damages, demolishing the electric grid and severely affecting essential daily services that continued as of the second half of 2019. Amidst the chaos, analysts were expected to provide stakeholders with impact estimates immediately following the hurricane. Unfortunately, this strong need for fast information after the disaster coincided with limited options for high-quality data sources to help stakeholders address challenges such as resource allocation and bond-pricing. Given the stabilization of data sources since the hurricanes, this paper examines historical demographic and economic data to give a long-term view of population change in Puerto Rico. First, we juxtapose population, employment, hurricanes and significant economic events to make the argument that the clearest driver of population decline in Puerto Rico is simply the economic health of the island (i.e. employment). Second, we focus on Pre- and Post-Hurricane Irma/Maria migration estimates to highlight the spike in outmigration following the hurricanes, as well as the, return immigration in the first half of the first half of 2018. Finally, we study historical net outmigration and employment trends to illustrate the short-lived outmigration impacts of hurricanes while also highlighting the long-term outmigration impacts of economic downturns. In short, we argue that the primary reason people are leaving Puerto Rico is the struggling economy and not hurricane-related destruction. The hurricanes simply exacerbated the economic-related outmigration trends and we believe that any serious plans for Puerto Rico’s restoration must include special attention to stimulate the economy.

scholarly journals Long-term population trends of the Red-legged CormorantPhalacrocorax gaimardion the Argentine coast

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA MILLONES ◽  
PATRICIA GANDINI ◽  
ESTEBAN FRERE
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
World Population ◽  
Ocean Productivity ◽  
Marine Primary Productivity ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Positive Effect

SummaryThe world population of Red-legged CormorantPhalacrocorax gaimardiis reasonably small and has showed rapid declines. In Argentina, this species breeds in 13 localities and is considered as ‘Endangered’ by the national government. In this study, we provide information about population trends of the Red-legged Cormorant on the Argentine coast, between 1990 and 2009. We also discuss whether these trends could be related to sea surface temperature and marine primary productivity, both of which are considered oceanographic factors that can affect breeding seabirds. The long-term trend in the breeding population showed a slight decrease of 1.2% per year. Seven colonies showed an average population change < 1. Periods of stability and increase were identified over the study period, but they were insufficient to compensate for the decreases. The largest colony of Red-legged Cormorants (La Mina, with more than 55% of the entire breeding population) seems to determine the overall population trend. We did not find a direct relationship between the overall number of Red-legged Cormorants and the two oceanographic factors analysed. However, our analysis detected a positive effect of ocean productivity close to the coast on the largest colony at the beginning of the breeding season, suggesting that coastal ocean productivity could be an important factor affecting temporal variations in the Argentinian population.

scholarly journals Two centuries of settlement and urban development in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. eaba2937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Leyk ◽  
Johannes H. Uhl ◽  
Dylan S. Connor ◽  
Anna E. Braswell ◽  
Nathan Mietkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Population Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Resolution Analysis

Over the past 200 years, the population of the United States grew more than 40-fold. The resulting development of the built environment has had a profound impact on the regional economic, demographic, and environmental structure of North America. Unfortunately, constraints on data availability limit opportunities to study long-term development patterns and how population growth relates to land-use change. Using hundreds of millions of property records, we undertake the finest-resolution analysis to date, in space and time, of urbanization patterns from 1810 to 2015. Temporally consistent metrics reveal distinct long-term urban development patterns characterizing processes such as settlement expansion and densification at fine granularity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these settlement measures are robust proxies for population throughout the record and thus potential surrogates for estimating population changes at fine scales. These new insights and data vastly expand opportunities to study land use, population change, and urbanization over the past two centuries.

Cryptic and cumulative impacts on the wintering habitat of the endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) risk its long-term viability

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVAN J. PICKETT ◽  
MELANIE CHAN ◽  
WENDA CHENG ◽  
JOHN ALLCOCK ◽  
SIMBA CHAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Population Viability Analysis ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Waterbird Species

SUMMARYThe East Asian–Australasian flyway contains some of the most threatened habitats in the world, with at least 155 waterbird species reliant on the tidal habitats it comprises. The black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) is an iconic endangered species distributed across the coast of East Asia. Its population suffered a severe decline into the 1990s, but extensive monitoring and conservation interventions have aided a substantial recovery of the species. We used a population viability analysis based on data collected over the past two decades in conjunction with species distribution models to project spatially explicit models of population change for the next 35 years. Over nearly all scenarios of habitat loss and climate change, the global spoonbill population was projected to increase in the short-term due to low population numbers likely well below current population carrying capacities. However, climate change and habitat loss together threaten the recovery of the spoonbill population such that, by 2050, population declines are apparent as a consequence of these cumulative impacts. These threats are also cryptic and represent a challenge to the conservation of species recovering from anthropogenic impacts; observed population increases can hide large reductions in habitat suitability that threaten the long-term viability of species.

scholarly journals Parasitic infections among Southeast Asian labourers in Taiwan: a long-term study

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
LIAN-CHEN WANG
Keyword(s):  
Population Change ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Parasitic infections have been reported to be relatively common among the Southeast Asian labourers in Taiwan. This study, conducted in 1992–6, was designed to determine the temporal changes of the prevalence. Faecal specimens were examined by the formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique and blood samples screened using the quantitative buffy coat technique and confirmed by Giemsa stained blood smear. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 10·3%. The annual prevalence decreased from 33·3% in 1992–3 to 4·6% in 1995–6. The Thai (12·0%) and Indonesian (11·1%) had a higher prevalence than the Malaysian (6·7%) and Filipinos (5·9%). Opisthorchis viverrini was the most important parasite in the Thai and Trichuris trichiura in the remaining groups. Moreover, no blood parasites were found in the labourers. The dramatic temporal decline in the intestinal parasitic infections suggests that limiting the entry of infected persons, periodic follow-ups, and immediate treatment of sporadic cases are necessary in preventing transmission of non-indigenous parasites through large population change.

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