On Concentration Dependence of Polymer Solution Viscosity

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Irzhak
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Solution Viscosity

scholarly journals Processing parameters for electrospinning poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/titanium isopropoxide composite in a pump-free setup

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Leah Nyangasi ◽  
Dickson Andala ◽  
Charles Onindo ◽  
Alphonse Wanyonyi ◽  
Josphine Chepngetich
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All

Background: Electrospinning is a technique for producing nanofibers, useful in many fields of nanotechnology. The size and morphology of the nanofibers obtained depends on the polymer solution properties, the parameters of the equipment and the conditions of the surrounding. In almost all reported electrospinning set ups, a pump ,which regulates the flow of the polymer solution, has been included as one of the requirements. In this study, the effects of solution concentration, viscosity, voltage and the distance from the tip of the syringe to the aluminum collector on the morphology and diameters of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) fibers were investigated, using a pump-free electrospinning set up. Methods: Varied PMMA concentration (50 -120 mg/mL), voltage (10-18 kV) and distance (5 – 18 cm) of electrospinning were studied and the optimum electrospinning conditions identified.  PMMA/ titanium isopropoxide solution of ratio 1:2 was prepared, electrospun at optimized conditions (15 kV, 18 cm, Dichloromethane/Dimethylformamide 60:40) and the fibers obtained analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Results: Solutions of PMMA whose concentrations were less than 50 mg/mL, produced beads on fibers, whereas those at ~ 100 mg/mL formed the best bead-free fibers of diameter 350±50 nm. The results showed a direct dependence of fiber diameter on the solution viscosity. Fibers of larger diameters were obtained when the distance from the tip of the syringe to the aluminum collector and voltage were increased but at higher distances (>18 kV) fewer fibers were collected. When the voltage was steadily increased, the fibers broadened and the diameters were non-uniform due to splaying and splitting. Increasing the distance between the pipette-tip and the collector from 10 to 18 cm resulted in reduced electric field which in turn yielded fewer fibers. Conclusions: The results obtained in a pump free set-up were comparable to those eletrospun in the presence of a pump.

scholarly journals A New Empirical Model for Viscosity of Sulfonated Polyacrylamide Polymers

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Akbari ◽  
Syed Mohammad Mahmood ◽  
Hosein Ghaedi ◽  
Sameer Al-Hajri
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Empirical Model ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
Reservoir Conditions ◽  
Sulfonated Polyacrylamide

Copolymers of acrylamide with the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid—known as sulfonated polyacrylamide polymers—had been shown to produce very promising results in the enhancement of oil recovery, particularly in polymer flooding. The aim of this work is to develop an empirical model through the use of a design of experiments (DOE) approach for bulk viscosity of these copolymers as a function of polymer characteristics (i.e., sulfonation degree and molecular weight), oil reservoir conditions (i.e., temperature, formation brine salinity and hardness) and field operational variables (i.e., polymer concentration, shear rate and aging time). The data required for the non-linear regression analysis were generated from 120 planned experimental runs, which had used the Box-Behnken construct from the typical Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design. The data were collected during rheological experiments and the model that was constructed had been proven to be acceptable with the Adjusted R-Squared value of 0.9624. Apart from showing the polymer concentration as being the most important factor in the determination of polymer solution viscosity, the evaluation of the model terms as well as the Sobol sensitivity analysis had also shown a considerable interaction between the process parameters. As such, the proposed viscosity model can be suitably applied to the optimization of the polymer solution properties for the polymer flooding process and the prediction of the rheological data required for polymer flood simulators.

pH-Sensitive Polymers for Novel Conformance-Control and Polymer-Flood Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (06) ◽  
pp. 926-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk Kyoon Choi ◽  
Mukul M. Sharma ◽  
Steven L. Bryant ◽  
Chun Huh
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Conformance Control ◽  
Polymer Flood ◽  
Geochemical Reactions ◽  
Acidic Conditions

Summary Novel conformance-control and polymer-flood applications that exploit the pH sensitivity of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) are proposed. The key feature of this process is the injection of the HPAM solution under acidic conditions. The low pH makes polymer molecules coil tightly, resulting in a very low polymer-solution viscosity. This allows the polymer solution to be injected into the reservoir at a substantially reduced injection pressure. Once injected, the acid reacts with the formation minerals to cause a spontaneous pH increase, uncoiling the polymer chains and causing a large increase in solution viscosity. Such a viscosity-control scheme can be exploited for placement of a concentrated polymer solution in high-permeability zones, where it later viscosifies to divert subsequently injected fluids (in-depth conformance control), or to reduce the high pressure drop near the wellbore during polymer injection (injectivity improvement). Extensive laboratory experiments were systematically performed and interpreted to evaluate the novel applications of pH-sensitive HPAM. The evaluations require (a) quantification of steady-shear viscosities, (b) characterization of geochemical reactions with acids, and (c) transport evaluation of HPAM solutions in cores. Rheological measurements show that shear viscosities of HPAM solution have a pronounced, but reversible, dependence on pH. The peak pHs observed in several shut-ins guarantee that spontaneous geochemical reactions can return the polymer solution to its original high viscosity. The use of a weak acid is the key. Coreflood results show that the HPAM solution under acidic conditions can be propagated through cores with much higher mobility than at neutral pH. However, low-pH conditions increase adsorption (polymer loss) and require additional chemical cost (for acid). The optimum injection formulation (polymer concentration, injection pH) will depend on the specific reservoir mineralogy, permeability, salinity, and injection conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of ionization on polymer solution viscosity.

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-175
Author(s):  
Tadao Tanakadate ◽  
Toyohiko Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Solution Viscosity

Study on Laboratory Evaluation of Temperature and Salt Resistance Polymer Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Tian ◽  
Ling Hui Sun ◽  
Hui Hui Kou
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
High Water ◽  
Salt Resistance ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Tertiary Oil Recovery

At present, China's late stage of oilfield most mining has been reached, there is high water content, and produced low levels problems. Polymer flooding enhanced oil recovery technology is important today, but Pam can't adapt oilfield tertiary oil recovery reservoir with heat resistance and salt. This article examines five kinds of rheological properties of polymer solutions under different salinity, studied under the same mineralized shear viscosity of different polymers. Experimental results show that the shear resistance capacity of 20 million ordinary polymer strong, 8 million and temperature of salt-tolerant associative polymer viscosity retention rates are highest. Less than 5,000 ppm 18 million under NaCl salinity salt resistant polymer viscosity highest salinity between 5,000 ppm NaCl to 15,000 ppm NaCl 8 million and temperature of salt-tolerant hydrophobically associating polymer solution viscosity of the highest.

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