Vicarious Peer Victimization and Adolescent Violence: Unpacking the Effects of Social Learning, General Strain, and Peer Group Selection

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 834-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Vogel ◽  
Shelley Keith
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Adolescent Violence ◽  
General Strain

Unpacking the misfit effect: Exploring the influence of gender and social norms on the association between aggression and peer victimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 016502542199286
Author(s):  
Ellyn Charlotte Bass ◽  
Lina Maria Saldarriaga ◽  
Ana Maria Velasquez ◽  
Jonathan B. Santo ◽  
William M. Bukowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Regulation ◽  
Adolescent Peer Groups

Social norms are vital for the functioning of adolescent peer groups; they can protect the well-being of groups and individual members, often by deterring harmful behaviors, such as aggression, through enforcement mechanisms like peer victimization; in adolescent peer groups, those who violate aggression norms are often subject to victimization. However, adolescents are nested within several levels of peer group contexts, ranging from small proximal groups, to larger distal groups, and social norms operate within each. This study assessed whether there are differences in the enforcement of aggression norms at different levels. Self-report and peer-nomination data were collected four times over the course of a school year from 1,454 early adolescents ( M age = 10.27; 53.9% boys) from Bogota, Colombia. Multilevel modeling provided support for social regulation of both physical aggression and relational aggression via peer victimization, as a function of gender, grade-level, proximal (friend) or distal (class) injunctive norms of aggression (perceptions of group-level attitudes), and descriptive norms of aggression. Overall, violation of proximal norms appears to be more powerfully enforced by adolescent peer groups. The findings are framed within an ecological systems theory of adolescent peer relationships.

The selective social learner as an agent of cultural group selection

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Suárez ◽  
Melissa Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Cultural Group ◽  
Cultural Inheritance ◽  
Developmental Research ◽  
Cultural Group Selection ◽  
Cultural Information ◽  
Inheritance System ◽  
Informant Accuracy

AbstractDevelopmental research characterizes even the youngest learners as critical and selective, capable of preserving or culling cultural information on the bases of informant accuracy, reasoning, or coherence. We suggest that Richerson et al. adjust their account of social learning in cultural group selection (CGS) by taking into consideration the role of the selective learner in the cultural inheritance system.

scholarly journals An Optimal Peer Group Selection Strategy for Multiples-Based Modelling in the South African Equity Market

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3(J)) ◽  
pp. 30-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
WS Nel
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
South African ◽  
Group Selection ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Peer Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Group Variable

Although peer group selection is a key consideration when performing multiples-based valuations, there is a lack of theoretical guidance on an optimal peer group selection strategy in emerging markets. Principal Component Analysis-based biplots and correlation monoplots are used to assess the valuation performance of multiples whose peer groups are based on either industry classification or valuation fundamentals. The evidence suggests that multiples whose peer groups are based on valuation fundamentals outperform multiples whose peer groups are based on industry classifications, with a combination of valuation fundamentals Rg and RoE emerging as the optimal peer group variable. The evidence suggests that an optimal choice of peer group variable could secure an increase in valuation precision of as much as 41.77%.

scholarly journals Pathways to Self-Injury: A Qualitative Exploration of Social Psychological Processes

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Wojciechowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
General Strain Theory ◽  
Strain Theory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Control Theory ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Temporal Dimension ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
General Strain

Self-injury is a deviant behavior often understood as the intentional infliction of harm onto one’s own body that exists absent of suicidal. This study uses a qualitative methodology to examine the etiology and perpetuation of self-injury using the terminology of relevant social-psychological theories to determine which processes best describe a causal pathway leading to self-injury and its perpetuation after the onset of the behavior. Data obtained from 16 semi-structured interviews with former and current self-injurers indicate that the processes described in general strain theory, social learning theory, and social control theory are all important for understanding the etiology and perpetuation of self-injury. Analytic induction was utilized as the method of analysis in order to parse out only the elements universal to pathways to self-injury evident in all of the examined cases. All participants used self-injury as coping response for mitigating negative affect stemming from strain, thus, implicating general strain theory as important for understanding the onset of self-injury. Participants were categorized into two subtypes of self-injurers based upon the temporal dimension of the social learning process. Future research should attempt to use quantitative methodologies to provide generalizability for the results of this study and examine how changes in risk and protective factors over the life-course modify one’s propensity to engage in self-injury.

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