Economic Strain and Adolescent Violence. Are extracurricular activities a conditioning effect?

This article examines the extent to which participation in sports acts as a conditioning effect to the relationship between economic disadvantage and adolescent violent delinquency. Deriving hypotheses from general strain and social control theories, we use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health to test if type of extracurricular activity participation diminishes the risk of economic disadvantage on violent delinquency. In support of social control theory, the direct effect of academic clubs and performing arts is negatively associated with adolescent violence. Additionally, analyses indicate that participation in contact sports decreases the relationship economic disadvantage and violent delinquency when other strain controls are added including race/ethnicity, family structure, lack of parental supervision, etc. Overall findings are expected of the social control conditioning effect of general strain theory.

FENOMENA PENCURIAN KELAPA OLEH ANAK (Studi Kasus di Polsek Tembilahan Hulu)

Juvenile delinquency is a common problem in society. There are norms or rules that lived in society. And it must be obeyed by society. Violation of norms and rules in society is not only committed by adults but also by juvenile. The violations of norms or rules that is often occurs by juvenile is theft. The theft that often occurs in Tembilahan is theft of coconuts, and it causes unrest in community. The majority of people in Tembilahan work as coconut farmers when the price of coconuts increases, coconut theft often occurs, not infrequently the perpetrators of coconut theft are the underage child or juveline. The purpose of this research is to determine what is the factors that cause the theft of coconuts by juvenile. This research uses a qualitative method by conducting interviews with key informants and informants that related to the topic. Referring to the theory used in this research, namely social control theory, this theory can explain why the phenomenon of coconut theft by juvenile occurs. The result of this research is that the theft of coconuts by juvenile occurs due to economic factors, in order to earn money the child or juvenile steals coconuts, it can also be explained through social control theory, which according to this theory, the child commits crimes or deviations due to the absence of attachment elements, commitment, involvement, and belief in theirself.

Silence and proactivity in managing supervisor ostracism: implications for creativity

PurposeAnchored in a social control theory framework, this study aims to investigate the mediating effect of defensive silence in the relationship between employees' perception of supervisor ostracism and their creative performance, as well as the buffering role of proactivity in this process.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses were tested using three-wave survey data collected from employees in North American organizations.FindingsThe authors found that an important reason for supervisor ostracism adversely affecting employee creativity is their observance of defensive silence. This mechanism, in turn, is less prominent among employees who show agency and change-oriented behavior (i.e. proactivity).Practical implicationsFor practitioners, this study identifies defensive silence as a key mechanism through which supervisor ostracism hinders employee creativity. Further, this process is less likely to escalate when their proactivity makes them less vulnerable to experience such social exclusion.Originality/valueThis study establishes a more complete understanding of the connection between supervisor ostracism and employee creativity, with particular attention to mediating mechanism of defensive silence and the moderating role of proactivity in this relationship.

Parent-Adolescent Communication, School Engagement, and Internet Addiction among Chinese Adolescents: The Moderating Effect of Rejection Sensitivity

Although a large body of research has indicated that parent-adolescent communication is a crucial protective factor for adolescent Internet addiction, the mediating and moderating mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. To address this research gap, this study, based on social control theory and the organism-environment interaction model, was designed to test whether school engagement mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent communication and adolescent Internet addiction and whether this mediating effect was moderated by rejection sensitivity. A sample of 1006 adolescents (Meanage = 13.16 years, SD = 0.67) anonymously completed the questionnaires. The results showed that the positive association between parent-adolescent communication and adolescent Internet addiction was mediated by school engagement. Moreover, this indirect link was stronger among adolescents with high rejection sensitivity than those with low rejection sensitivity. These findings highlighted school engagement as a potential mechanism linking parent-adolescent communication to adolescent Internet addiction, with high rejection sensitivity being an important risk factor amplifying this indirect effect. Intervention programs aimed at reducing Internet addiction among adolescents might benefit from the current research.

Strategy of Strengthening Corruption Prevention and Enforcement through Social Punishment: A Sociological Study

Corruption is an extraordinary crime that can threaten the survival of many people's lives. Therefore, the existence of corruption must be prevented and eradicated at its roots. Corruption occurs through complex factors, not only caused by structural but also cultural factors. Therefore, the eradication of corruption is not enough in the structural measures such as punishment, but need to extendto other penalties such as social sanction. This study is a descriptive qualitative study with library techniques. The theoretical perspective used in this study is the theory of sociology of corruption; social control theory. In general, the findings of this study include an explanation of the dynamics of corruption in Indonesia, as well as the role and strategic function of social punishment for eradicating corruption in Indonesia. Sociologically, the role and strategic function of social punishment in an effort to maximize the eradication of corruption can be done by building synergy between all social structures of society. The social structure in question is the family, tradition, law enforcement, education, and religious institutions.

The Phenomenon of Underage Motorbike Riders in Junior High School Students: A Critical Review of Juvenile Delinquency

Motorbike use by students who are under the age of 17 years is an act of infringement. It is stated in Article 281 of Law Number 22 Year 2009 regarding Traffic and Road Transportation. Traffic violations is often done by junior high school students. User behavior motorbikes under the age is a form known as juvenile delinquency. In this study, researcher took samples at two schools namely SMPN 1 Bambanglipuro and SMPN 2 Sanden, Bantul, because researcher saw a lot of students who ride the motorbike to go to school. To examine this phenomenon, researchers used quantitative research methods by taking 394 students as respondents. Associated with the phenomenon of motorbike users under age, this paper focuses on a form of parenting from their parents and motorbike users under age as the dependent variable and independent variables. In this study, the researcher used chi square test to look at the relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. This paper uses the concept of social control theory of Travis Hirschi (2007) to understand how such behavior could occur. Indeed the respondents knew what they were doing was a violation, but because of the environment that tends to allow these actions to make them feel safe. As the results obtained in this study, the high number of motorbike users in this study, due to several reasons, namely, less strict parents of children, lack of maintenance performed by local traffic police, and the lack of public attention to such behavior.

An Empirical Test of Age-Graded Informal Social Control Theory: New Correlates of Youth Deviance

This study examines several family structural variables that have a hypothesized effect on delinquency, substance abuse, and violence. We conducted a survey for potential correlates of Sampson and Laub’s age-graded informal social control theory variables within the Turkish context. Our large sample size (31,272), drawn from high school students in Istanbul, Turkey, allowed us to test the effects of family settings on youth deviance by using various statistical tests and programs. Our findings indicate that juveniles exposed to parental substance abuse are more likely to use illegal substances, commit a greater number of delinquent acts, and participate in more instances of violent behavior. Additionally, family social capital, residential mobility, religiosity, and the number of siblings were some other statistically significant correlates of delinquency.

Representation, Incorporation, and Corrections Spending: The Counterbalancing Effect of Black Political Incorporation

Theories concerning the adoption of punitive policies at the state level often cite two dynamics: conservative ideology and racial threat, that punitive policies are more likely in states with Republican politicians and a higher proportion of Black residents. I argue these theories lose their explanatory power in the post-Civil Rights era, and suggest Black political incorporation acts as a powerful antidote to the punitive impulses of government officials. I test my hypotheses on a dataset of state corrections spending from 1983 to 2011 and find evidence for the counterbalancing argument. States with increasing percentages of Black state legislators spend .36 fewer dollars per capita on corrections, suggesting Black political incorporation is an important mediator in the relationship between racial threat and corrections budgets. This paper has implications for the application of the social control theory as descriptive representation grows, but also for the study of the effect of minority politicians on budgets and policy more broadly. The adoption of policies deleterious to certain communities can be mitigated by the presence of representatives who legislate on behalf of those communities.

Relationship between Principals’ Democratic Leadership Style and Students’ Conformity to Rules in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya.

This study sought to examine the relationship between principals' democratic leadership style and students' conformity to regulations in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the Social Control theory by Hirschi (1969). The study adopted a correlational research design. The target population was 338 principals, 338 deputy principals, 3426 teachers and 116,374 students in 338 public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. 100 schools were selected using stratified random sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 Principals, while proportionate and simple random sampling was used to select 346 teachers and 383 students. Ten per cent of the Deputy Principals were selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data form Principals, teachers, and students, while interviews were used to collect data from Deputy Principals. Test-retest reliability revealed a coefficient of 0.70, indicating that the instruments were reliable. The findings revealed a statistically significant between principals use of democratic leadership style and students’ conformity to school rules (r=0.334; p< 0.05. It was concluded that the democratic leadership style, when used by principals in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya, enhances students' conformity to school rules. The findings will help school principals to fully embrace democratic leadership style to enhance students’ conformity to school rules. The study also recommends that the administration develops a process for handling students’ non-conformity issues in a calm, consistent and supportive manner. The study also recommends, principals should involve all stakeholders, for instance, teachers, students and parents in developing school rules and policies that affect students.