occupational structure
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Author(s):  
Juan Ramón Jiménez-García ◽  
Antonina Levatino

AbstractThis article examines the socio-occupational integration of the immigrant population in Spain for a time span that, for the first time, includes the post-crisis period. Using the Spanish Labour Force Survey and conducting a socio-occupational analysis, we predict the probability that a migrant would be employed in one socio-occupational class over another in three periods: before, during and after the crisis. Our main research questions are as follows: (1) To what extent do migrants tend to be located in certain socio-occupational classes? (2) To what extent does the likelihood of belonging to a certain socio-occupational class differ according to immigrants’ places of origin? (3) Can differences be found in the likelihood of belonging to a certain socio-occupational class according to the places of origin before, during and after the Great Recession? The results show a very unequal distribution of immigrants in the socio-occupational structure according to their origin. While immigrants from Schengen Europe and North America are better located in the occupational structure, those from Eastern Europe and Africa are over-represented in the lower socio-occupational classes.


Author(s):  
Tatiana L. Moroz ◽  
Olga A. Ryzhova

A study was carried out to identify differences in training of resident physicians in the specialties: Management and Economics of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy and under the specialist’s program Pharmacy and to explore the possibilities of granting pharmacy workers the right to transit from one specialty to another without compulsory completion of residency. The urgency of this article is associated with a large number of issues that are being faced by pharmacists who transit from one specialty to another.An analysis of the age and occupational structure of pharmacists improving their qualifications (2300 people) was conducted in the Irkutsk region and the Trans-Baikal Territory. The results of the study showed that it seems like a good idea not to associate the transition from one specialty to another with the obligatory completion of residency, but to provide an admission to work as a pharmacist-technologist after initial accreditation, taking into account the specifics of the work of pharmaceutical specialists in pharmacies, the need to ensure the interchangeability of workers and reduce staff turnover without falling off in quality of work.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kmetty ◽  
Júlia Koltai ◽  
Tamás Rudas

AbstractResearch on social stratification is closely linked to analyzing the prestige associated with different occupations. This research focuses on the positions of occupations in the semantic space represented by large amounts of textual data. The results are compared to standard results in social stratification to see whether the classical results are reproduced and if additional insights can be gained into the social positions of occupations. The paper gives an affirmative answer to both questions.The results show a fundamental similarity of the occupational structure obtained from text analysis to the structure described by prestige and social distance scales. While our research reinforces many theories and empirical findings of the traditional body of literature on social stratification and, in particular, occupational hierarchy, it pointed to the importance of a factor not discussed in the mainline of stratification literature so far: the power and organizational aspect.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Hou Lin ◽  
Koit Hung

Occupational structure is commonly viewed as either hierarchical or organized around stable classes. Yet, recent studies have proposed to describe occupational structure as a network, where the mobility of workers demarcates boundaries. Moving beyond boundary detection, this article develops occupational network as a dynamic system in which between-occupation exchange is shaped by occupational similarities, and occupational attributes are in turn responsive to mobility patterns. We illustrate this perspective with the exchange networks of detailed occupations. Our analysis shows that the U.S. occupational structure has become more fragmented. The division was in part associated with the emerging importance of age composition, as well as those of quantitative, creative, and social tasks. The fragmentation reduced wage contagion and therefore contributed to a greater between-occupation wage dispersion. These results indicate that occupational attributes and mobility are co-constitutive, and that a network perspective provides a unifying framework for the study of stratification and mobility.


2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-307
Author(s):  
Kapil Kaushik ◽  
◽  
Ashok Kumar Kaushik ◽  

Occupational structure refers to the division of workers into different types of economic activities. It is the activities by which people secure their livelihood and it also provides background knowledge for formulating development plans for any region. The paper presents the occupational structure of rural workers in the Mathura district. Mathura district is situated in the western part of Uttar Pradesh and has a high religious and economic importance. The whole study is mainly based on primary data collected through a structured interview schedule designed for the purpose. Field surveys were conducted during 2015-16 and 5270 respondents (2929 males and 2341 females) of 755 households were questioned to generate primary data. In the surveyed villages, the share of cultivation and agricultural labourers was 44.41 % and 16.32 % respectively. A large share of workers was engaged in primacy activities (66.73%). The analysis shows that there is a negative relationship between workers and literacy rate. It happens because as people get employment in cities they leave the village and only unemployed literates stay there. The results were derived with the help of statistical techniques and SPSS software whereas maps were prepared with the help of GIS Arc View software.


Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Xiaozhou Chen ◽  
Qi Yao

This paper aims to examine the influence of body shape on income, which varies with gender and occupational structure in China. The data were obtained from the CGSS (Chinese General Social Survey) 2010–2017 Survey. The overall finding in this paper is that women and men face different body shape–income effects. For females, the obesity penalty is significant and is reinforced with increasing occupational rank. For men, the thinness penalty (or weight premium) is enhanced as the occupational class decreases. Body shape–income gaps are mainly caused by the occupational structure. Twenty-nine percent of the income gap between overweight and average weight women can be explained by the obesity penalty, 37% of the income gap between overweight and average weight men can be interpreted by the weight premium, and 11% of the gap between underweight and normal weight men can be explained by the thinness penalty. The findings also suggest that the effect of body shape on income consists of two pathways: body shape affects health capital and socialization, and therefore income. Healthy lifestyles and scientific employment concepts should be promoted, and measures to close the gender gap should be implemented.


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