Water circulation in karst and determination of catchment areas: example of the River Zrmanja

1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
OGNJEN BONACCI
Keyword(s):  
Water Circulation ◽  
Catchment Areas

Determination of groundwater catchment areas in two and three spatial dimensions

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 221-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kinzelbach ◽  
Martin Marburger ◽  
Wen-Hsing Chiang
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Spatial Dimensions

scholarly journals Flood hazard in Slovenia and assessment of extreme design floods

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-59
Author(s):  
Matjaž Mikoš
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Empirical Equations ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
Extreme Flows ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
High Dams ◽  
Hydrological Monitoring

Due to the lack of hydrological measurements in the torrential areas and smaller catchment areas of Slovenian rivers, in accordance with the European Floods Directive, we used an empirical equation to estimate the magnitude of a 500-year flood (Q500). In this paper, we critically evaluate the proposed empirical equations for estimating the Q500 discharge, as defined in the Slovenian Rules on the methodology for determining areas at risk of floods and related erosion of inland waters and the sea, and on the method of classifying land into risk classes. In this assessment, we use publicly available measured data from Slovenia’s hydrological monitoring network and data on extreme flows for selected Slovenian high dams, and thus compare the database with empirical equations for determining extreme flows in Europe and elsewhere in the world that are used for planning high dams. Although the reach of the Q500 flood line determines the area of residual flood danger, it makes sense to abandon the determination of extreme flows in Slovenia using empirical equations and move to a hydrological-hydraulic modelling system using modern software tools.

Objective deviation of Climate Indices for the assessment of altered risk-landscapes driven by accelerated climate change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikta Madjdi ◽  
Katharina Enigl ◽  
Christoph Matulla
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Models ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
European Alps ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Damage Processes

<p><span>Floodings are amongst the most devastating damage-processes worldwide. Along with the increase in climate change induced extreme events, research devoted to the identification of so-called Climate Indices (CIs) describing weather phenomena triggering hazard-occurrences gains rising emphasis. CIs have a wide potential for further investigation in both research and application as e.g. in public protection and the transport and logistic industry. The appearance of specific CIs in regional climate models (i.e., ‘hazard development corridors’) can serve as an input in decision-theoretic concepts aiming to sustain current safety levels in climate change induced altering risk landscapes (Matulla et al, submitted). Enigl et al, 2019 first objectively derived hazard-triggering precipitation totals for six process-categories and three climatologically as well as geomorphologically distinct regions in the Austrian part of the European Alps.  This study aims at investigating a slightly different methodological approach for the objective determination of Climate Indices in the catchment area of the River Danube in Austria depending on catchment areas. </span></p>

scholarly journals Application of complex statistical distributions and natural isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen for assessment of water origin in Sar Mountains aquatorium

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
Nenad Stanojevic ◽  
Jelena Djokic ◽  
Dusan Nikezic ◽  
Predrag Osmokrovic
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Application ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Statistical Distributions ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Natural Isotopes

This study considers the possibility of applying natural isotopes of water, tritium, and oxygen 18O, to analyze the connection between groundwater, surface, and precipitation waters. This analysis also enables the determination of the age of groundwater, separated from the cycle of water circulation in nature. Based on these methods, it is possible to reliably determine, by chronologically accurate method, the possibility of industrial application and application for human needs of the waters of this aquatorium.

scholarly journals Inertia of the Catchment Systems Within the Polish Lowlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Wojciech Pokojski
Keyword(s):  
Autocorrelation Function ◽  
River Basins ◽  
River Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Hydrological Droughts

Abstract The paper presents a method for assessing the hydrological inertia of the river catchment areas using the autocorrelation function. The method presented can be used as the criterion for the determination of the degree of hazard to the river basins from the potential hydrological droughts. The basins with high inertia are less susceptible to the shortages of supply and are less threatened by the occurrence of hydrological droughts.

scholarly journals Scientific and methodological base for calculation of rain and spring floods maximum runoff

2017 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
E. Gopchenko ◽  
M. Burlutskaya ◽  
M. Romanchuk
Keyword(s):  
River Channel ◽  
Maximum Intensity ◽  
Regulatory Document ◽  
Small Catchment ◽  
Calculated Parameter ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rain Floods ◽  
Maximum Runoff

For more than 40 years estimated characteristics of rivers' maximum runoff for rain and spring floods in Ukraine have been determined using the regulatory document SNiP 2.01.14-83. This regulatory document is based on use of reduction formulas (for spring floods, rain floods with catchment areas of F >200 km2) and maximum intensity formulas (for rain floods with catchment areas of F < 200 km2). Use of reduction structure for rain and spring floods of different reduction have no relevant grounds since in both cases we deal with calculation of maximum water discharge forming the part of unimodular hydrographs. In addition, a calculated parameter of "friendliness" k0 is determined for spring floods by use of hydrological analogues, which, by the way, are assigned rather provisionally. Regarding rain floods the impact in the form of coefficients of analogy is replaced by the runoff  module q200  taken for a provisional catchment area F = 200 km2. In methodological terms, in contrast to the "friendliness" coefficient of the spring flood k0  determined by the method of hydrological analogy, module q200  (for rain floods) is represented by a map of isolines. More remarks can be voiced with regard to the methodological base of determination of maximum modules of rain floods runoff within small catchment areas (F <200 km2). The main drawback relating to the use of maximum intensity formula consists in the fact that natural process of transformation of rain floods “precipitation - slope inflow - river channel runoff” is replaced by the operator of "precipitation - river channel runoff". The authors of this article offer a universal approach to substantiation of the structure of the formula to determine the characteristics of maximum runoff of rain and spring floods. The original theoretical model for hydrographs of rain and spring floods is accepted as unimodular non-linear triangles. For the first time all the components of calculation equations of modules of maximum runoff of rain and spring floods are described by the same equations and differ only in numerical values of the parameters. The proposed scientific and methodological base for determination of modules of maximum runoff of rain and spring floods underwent practical test and is recommended for use when preparing a new Ukrainian regulatory document replacing SNiP 2.01.14-83.

Automatic determination of imperviousness in urban areas from digital orthophotos

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Fankhauser
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Automatic Determination ◽  
Maximum Likelihood Classification ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Impervious Areas

Determination of impervious areas in urban regions is the most labour-intensive part of data acquisition for rainfall-runoff modelling in urban hydrology. This paper presents an automatic determination method of imperviousness from aerial photographs. The colour, CIR (colour infrared) aerial photographs and orthophotos used have a ground resolution of 25 to 75 centimetres. A maximum likelihood classification algorithm was applied to assign each pixel to a surface category. Classification results were then then overlaid with the subcatchments to determine the imperviousness of each subcatchment. Classification and overlay were carried out with the raster-based GIS IDRISI. The method was tested on various catchment areas, and the results compared with data obtained from manually digitised surfaces. Accuracy of the estimated imperviousness for the entire catchment areas was within 10 %. The deviations for individual subcatchments were much higher. Equivalent results were obtained for colour and CIR photograplhs. A combination of both spectral ranges resulted only in a slight improvement. Consequently, this does not justify the additional costs of the second image. The developed method is an interesting alternative for use on large catchment areas where manual digitisation is very time-consuming and, thus, expensive.

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