Bidirectional associations between emergency nurses’ occupational and leisure physical activity: An observational study

Abstract Objectives and background Social demands of the school-year and summer environment may affect children’s sleep patterns and circadian rhythms during these periods. The current study examined differences in children’s sleep and circadian-related behaviors during the school-year and summer and explored the association between sleep and circadian parameters and change in body mass index (BMI) during these time periods. Methods This was a prospective observational study with 119 children ages 5 to 8 years with three sequential BMI assessments: early school-year (fall), late school-year (spring), and beginning of the following school-year in Houston, Texas, USA. Sleep midpoint, sleep duration, variability of sleep midpoint, physical activity, and light exposure were estimated using wrist-worn accelerometry during the school-year (fall) and summer. To examine the effect of sleep parameters, physical activity level, and light exposure on change in BMI, growth curve modeling was conducted controlling for age, race, sex, and chronotype. Results Children’s sleep midpoint shifted later by an average of 1.5 h during summer compared to the school-year. After controlling for covariates, later sleep midpoints predicted larger increases in BMI during summer, (γ = .0004, p = .03), but not during the school-year. Sleep duration, sleep midpoint variability, physical activity levels, and sedentary behavior were not associated with change in BMI during the school-year or summer. Females tended to increase their BMI at a faster rate during summer compared to males, γ = .06, p = .049. Greater amounts of outdoor light exposure (γ = −.01, p = .02) predicted smaller increases in school-year BMI. Conclusions Obesity prevention interventions may need to target different behaviors depending on whether children are in or out of school. Promotion of outdoor time during the school-year and earlier sleep times during the summer may be effective obesity prevention strategies during these respective times.

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Physical Activity, Diet, and Incident Urinary Incontinence in Postmenopausal Women: Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab118 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Scott R Bauer ◽

Stacey A Kenfield ◽

Mathew Sorensen ◽

Leslee L Subak ◽

Suzanne Phelan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Urinary Incontinence ◽

Observational Study ◽

Weight Change ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Health Initiative ◽

Menopausal Women ◽

Baseline Weight ◽

Post Menopausal

Abstract Background Physical activity and macronutrient intake, important contributors to energy balance, may be independently associated with female urinary incontinence (UI). Methods We evaluated the association of baseline self-reported physical activity and macronutrient intake, via food-frequency questionnaire, with incident UI subtypes after 3 years among 19,741 post-menopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. Odds ratios (OR) for incident urgency, stress, and mixed UI were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. Results Women who reported total physical activity (MET-hours/week) ≥30 vs <0.1 were 16% less likely to develop urgency UI (OR=0.84; 95% CI 0.70, 1.00) and 34% less likely for mixed UI (OR=0.66; 0.46, 0.95), although linear trends were no longer statistically significant after adjusting for baseline weight and weight change (P-trend=0.15 and 0.16, respectively). The association between physical activity and incident stress UI was less consistent. Higher uncalibrated protein intake was associated with increased odds of incident urgency UI (≥19.4% versus <14.1% of energy intake OR=1.14; 95% CI 0.99, 1.30; P-trend=0.02), while confidence intervals were wide and included 1.0 for calibrated protein intake. Other macronutrients were not associated with urgency UI and macronutrient intake was not associated with incident stress or mixed UI (P-trend>0.05 for all). Conclusions Among post-menopausal women, higher physical activity was associated with lower risk of incident urgency and mixed UI, but not stress UI, independent of baseline weight and weight change. Higher protein intake was associated with increase urgency UI, but no associations were observed between other macronutrient and UI subtypes.

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A Mixed Methods Study on the Barriers and Facilitators of Physical Activity Associated with Residential Relocation

Journal of Environmental and Public Health ◽

10.1155/2018/1094812 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Grazia Salvo ◽

Bonnie M. Lashewicz ◽

Patricia K. Doyle-Baker ◽

Gavin R. McCormack

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Mixed Methods ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Mixed Methods Study ◽

Barriers And Facilitators ◽

Residential Relocation ◽

Quantitative Phase ◽

Neighbourhood Walkability ◽

Perceived Change ◽

Leisure Physical Activity

Despite evidence suggesting that neighbourhood characteristics are associated with physical activity, very few mixed methods studies investigate how relocating neighbourhood, and subsequent changes in the built environment, influences physical activity. This sequential mixed methods study estimates associations between changes in overall physical activity and transportation walking and cycling and changes in objectively assessed neighbourhood walkability (quantitative phase) and describes perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity following residential relocation (qualitative phase). During the quantitative phase, self-reported changes in transportation walking, transportation cycling, and overall physical activity following residential relocation were measured using a 5-point scale: (1) a lot less now, (2) a little less now, (3) about the same, (4) a little more now, and (5) a lot more now. Walkability improvers reported a slight increase in transportation walking (mean = 3.29, standard deviation (SD) = 0.87), while walkability decliners reported little or no perceived change in their transportation walking after relocation (mean = 2.96, SD = 1.12). This difference approached statistical significance (p=0.053). Furthermore, walkability decliners reported a slight decrease in transportation cycling (mean = 2.69, SD = 0.96), while walkability improvers reported little or no perceived change in their transportation cycling after relocation (mean = 3.02, SD = 0.84). This difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Change in walkability resulting from relocation was not significantly associated with perceived change in overall physical activity. Our qualitative findings suggest that moving to a neighbourhood with safe paths connecting to nearby destinations can facilitate transportation walking and cycling. Some participants describe adjusting their leisure physical activity to compensate for changes in transportation walking and cycling. Strong contributors to neighbourhood leisure physical activity included the presence of aesthetic features and availability of recreational opportunities that allow for the creation of social connections with community and family.

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Sitting, physical activity, and serum oestrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women: the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/bjc.2017.268 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 117 (7) ◽

pp. 1070-1078 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hannah Oh ◽

Hannah Arem ◽

Charles E Matthews ◽

Nicolas Wentzensen ◽

Kerryn W Reding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Observational Study ◽

Women’S Health ◽

Women's Health ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Women's Health Initiative ◽

Women’S Health Initiative ◽

Health Initiative ◽

The Women’S Health Initiative

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Physical activity participation by adults with cystic fibrosis: An observational study

Respirology ◽

10.1111/resp.12719 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 511-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Narelle S. Cox ◽

Jennifer A. Alison ◽

Brenda M. Button ◽

John W. Wilson ◽

Judith M. Morton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Observational Study ◽

Physical Activity Participation ◽

Activity Participation

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Architectural Design and Physical Activity: An Observational Study of Staircase and Elevator Use in Different Buildings

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.10.4.556 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 556-562 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

David R. Bassett ◽

Ray Browning ◽

Scott A. Conger ◽

Dana L. Wolff ◽

Jennifer I. Flynn

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Built Environment ◽

Observational Study ◽

Architectural Design ◽

Commercial Buildings ◽

The Other ◽

University Campus ◽

Direct Observations ◽

The Way

Background:The indoor built environment has the potential to influence levels of physical activity. However, the extent to which architectural design in commercial buildings can influence the percentage of people choosing to use the stairs versus elevators is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if buildings with centrally located, accessible, and aesthetically pleasing staircases result in a greater percentage of people taking the stairs.Methods:Direct observations of stair and elevator use were conducted in 3 buildings on a university campus. One of the buildings had a bank of 4 centrally located elevators and a fire escape stairwell behind a steel door. The other 2 buildings had centrally located staircases and out-of-the-way elevators.Results:The percentage of people who ascended the stairs was 8.1% in the elevator-centric building, compared with 72.8% and 81.1% in the 2 stair-centric buildings (P < .001). In addition, the percentage of people who descended the stairs was 10.8% in the first building, compared with 89.5% and 93.7% in the stair-centric buildings (P < .001).Conclusions:The results of the current study suggest that if buildings are constructed with centrally located, accessible, and aesthetically pleasing staircases, a greater percentage of people will choose to take the stairs.

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