Architectural Design and Physical Activity: An Observational Study of Staircase and Elevator Use in Different Buildings

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Bassett ◽  
Ray Browning ◽  
Scott A. Conger ◽  
Dana L. Wolff ◽  
Jennifer I. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
The Way

Background:The indoor built environment has the potential to influence levels of physical activity. However, the extent to which architectural design in commercial buildings can influence the percentage of people choosing to use the stairs versus elevators is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if buildings with centrally located, accessible, and aesthetically pleasing staircases result in a greater percentage of people taking the stairs.Methods:Direct observations of stair and elevator use were conducted in 3 buildings on a university campus. One of the buildings had a bank of 4 centrally located elevators and a fire escape stairwell behind a steel door. The other 2 buildings had centrally located staircases and out-of-the-way elevators.Results:The percentage of people who ascended the stairs was 8.1% in the elevator-centric building, compared with 72.8% and 81.1% in the 2 stair-centric buildings (P < .001). In addition, the percentage of people who descended the stairs was 10.8% in the first building, compared with 89.5% and 93.7% in the stair-centric buildings (P < .001).Conclusions:The results of the current study suggest that if buildings are constructed with centrally located, accessible, and aesthetically pleasing staircases, a greater percentage of people will choose to take the stairs.

Effects of Leadership Style and Group Dynamics on Enjoyment of Physical Activity

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley D. Fox ◽  
W. Jack Rejeski ◽  
Lise Gauvin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Supportive Leadership ◽  
Group Environment

Purpose. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the independent and combined effects of leadership style and group dynamics on the enjoyment of physical activity. Design. A completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial design was used in which the manipulation of “leadership style” (socially enriched vs. bland) was crossed with a manipulation of “group dynamics” (socially enriched vs. bland). Setting. The study was conducted in an aerobics studio on a university campus. Subjects. The sample included 48 male and 42 female undergraduate students who were moderately active. Intervention. Each participant was involved in a single session of step aerobics. A female graduate student provided either an enriched or bland series of interactions to manipulate leadership style, and a trained group of planted undergraduates was used to promote either an enriched or bland group environment. Measures. The outcome measures of interest were enjoyment and the probability of engaging in a similar activity in the future. Results. Participants in the enriched leadership style plus enriched group dynamics condition reported higher enjoyment than did participants in the other three conditions. On average, the level of enjoyment was 22.07% higher in this condition than in the other three conditions (p < .001). The probability of future involvement was 13.93% higher for participants in the enriched group environment, irrespective of leadership style (p < .03). Conclusions. Enjoyment during physical activity is optimized when a positive and supportive leadership style is coupled with an enriched and supportive group environment. Future research is required to extend these findings to other activities and populations.

Machine Learning-Aided Architectural Design for Carbon Footprint Reduction

BUILDER ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 276 (7) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Płoszaj-Mazurek
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Design Solutions ◽  
Carbon Footprint Reduction ◽  
The Way

The built environment is considered responsible for at least 20-40% of greenhouse gases emission. The way we design may exert an impact on this percentage. A new paradigm, namely artificial intelligence, is arriving. More and more tasks are becoming automated via algorithms. How could this power be applied in order to strengthen our knowledge about the ways we design buildings? The author of the following paper presents a study in which carbon footprint yielded by a multifamily building is analysed. ML has been used to generate an extensive overview of the possible design solutions. This, in turn, made it possible to observe correlations between various parameters that resulted in a reduced carbon footprint.

Philosophy of marathon runs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Piotr Fajdek
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Way

The inquiry concerns the role of philosophy in the modern sport. It brings the heritage of great philosophers closer and emphasizes their relationships with people practicing running. It describes the mental zone of participants in marathon races, their motives and feelings, about the sport. The purpose of this study, was to investigate Does sport and philosophy may have something in common? Two totally different branches at first sight, gives us a chance to have a closer look on themselves. A wider perspective on sport by philosopher, on one hand and on the other, – chance to deep search in the mental zone of the athlete. Surprisingly running and philosophy have a lot in common. Both of branches are recognized as difficult, but results achieved may be very satisfying. In both disciplines patience and commitment is needed, and success comes very slowly. Every man is a philosopher, cause every one of us believes in natural law. We all as a mankind can conclude which kind of life is the best for us. Therefore, many of people decided to consciously engage in physical activity. As a way to enrich their personality, the way to discover their own self. As a way to response to the stresses of everyday life. Below we can find short comparison of two worlds – one which covers human mind, and other human body.

scholarly journals The impact of water in architectural thinking

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Gábor Heckenast ◽  
Marcel Ferencz ◽  
András Tibor Kertész
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe focus of this research is the connection between architecture and water, how this natural element has formed the way of thinking. To give a complex answer, it is required to observe this complex topic from different aspects: time, space (with macro and micro space typology), meaning, technology, art and architectural design method, which all together can create a network of ideas. This outlined network could provide a theoretical basis for a new complex design method – from the building scale to the urban scale – for the upcoming challenges of built environment in connection with water in the future.

Haematocrit: Relationships with Blood Lipids, Blood Pressure and other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (01) ◽  
pp. 058-064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goya Wannamethee ◽  
A Gerald Shaper
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Lipids ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryThe relationship between haematocrit and cardiovascular risk factors, particularly blood pressure and blood lipids, has been examined in detail in a large prospective study of 7735 middle-aged men drawn from general practices in 24 British towns. The analyses are restricted to the 5494 men free of any evidence of ischaemic heart disease at screening.Smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake and lung function (FEV1) were factors strongly associated with haematocrit levels independent of each other. Age showed a significant but small independent association with haematocrit. Non-manual workers had slightly higher haematocrit levels than manual workers; this difference increased considerably and became significant after adjustment for the other risk factors. Diabetics showed significantly lower levels of haematocrit than non-diabetics. In the univariate analysis, haematocrit was significantly associated with total serum protein (r = 0*18), cholesterol (r = 0.16), triglyceride (r = 0.15), diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.17) and heart rate (r = 0.14); all at p <0.0001. A weaker but significant association was seen with systolic blood pressure (r = 0.09, p <0.001). These relationships remained significant even after adjustment for age, smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol intake, lung function, presence of diabetes, social class and for each of the other biological variables; the relationship with systolic blood pressure was considerably weakened. No association was seen with blood glucose and HDL-cholesterol. This study has shown significant associations between several lifestyle characteristics and the haematocrit and supports the findings of a significant relationship between the haematocrit and blood lipids and blood pressure. It emphasises the role of the haematocrit in assessing the risk of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in individuals, and the need to take haematocrit levels into account in determining the importance of other cardiovascular risk factors.

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

Speech Acts by the Governor Candidates of North Sumatera in Political Debates

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya Dwi Amalia Zati ◽  
Sumarsih Sumarsih ◽  
Lince Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Direct Speech ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
The Way ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The objectives of the research were to describe the types of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera, to derive the dominant type of speech acts used in televised political debates of governor candidates of North Sumatera and to elaborate the way of five governor candidates of North Sumatera use speech acts in televised political debates. This research was conducted by applying descriptive qualitative research. The findings show that there were only four types of speech acts used in televised political debates, Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara, they were assertives, directives, commissives and expressives. The dominant type of speech acts used in both televised political debates was assertives, with 82 utterances or 51.6% in Debat Pemilukada Sumatera Utara and 36 utterances or 41.37% in Uji Publik Cagub dan Cawagub Sumatera Utara. The way of governor candidates of North Sumatera used speech acts in televised political debates is in direct speech acts, they spoke straight to the point and clearly in order to make the other candidates and audiences understand their utterances.   Keywords: Governor Candidate; Political Debate; Speech Acts

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