Attitudes to emotional expression, social support and postnatal adjustment in new parents

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Castle ◽  
Pauline Slade ◽  
Maria Barranco‐Wadlow ◽  
Maeve Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Postnatal Adjustment

With a Little Help from My Friend: Emotional Expressiveness in a Female Digital Human and User Gender Interact to Affect Psychological and Physiological Outcomes (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Loveys ◽  
Mark Sagar ◽  
Xueyuan Zhang ◽  
Gregory Fricchione ◽  
Elizabeth Broadbent
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Emotional Expressiveness ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Digital Humans ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Digital Human

BACKGROUND Loneliness is a growing public health problem that has been exacerbated in vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social support interventions have been shown to improve loneliness and may be delivered through technology. Digital humans are a new type of computer agent that show promise as supportive peers in healthcare. For digital humans to be effective and engaging support persons, it is important that they can develop closeness with people. Closeness can be improved by emotional expressiveness, particularly in female relationships. However, it is unknown whether emotional expressiveness improves closeness in relationships with digital humans and affects physiological responses. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether emotional expression by a digital human can affect psychological and physiological outcomes, and whether the effects are moderated by user gender. METHODS 198 healthy adults (101 females, 95 males, 2 gender-diverse individuals) were block-randomized by gender to complete a 15-minute self-disclosure conversation with a female digital human, in one of six conditions. In these conditions, the digital human varied in modality richness and emotional expression in the face and voice (emotional/ neutral/ no face; emotional/ neutral voice). Perceived loneliness, closeness, social support, caring perceptions, and stress were measured after the interaction. Physiological measures including heart rate, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity were collected during the interaction using an Empatica E4 watch. Three-way factorial ANOVA with post hoc tests were conducted to analyse the effect of face type, voice type, and user gender on outcomes. RESULTS Overall, emotional expression in the voice was associated with greater caring perceptions and physiological arousal during the interaction, and unexpectedly, lower feelings of support. Gender was found to moderate the effect of emotional expressiveness on loneliness, social, and certain physiological outcomes. For females, an emotional voice digital human was associated with improved perceptions of closeness, social support, and caring perceptions, whereas for males, a neutral voice digital human was associated with improvements in closeness, social support, and caring perceptions. For females, a neutral face was associated with lower loneliness and subjective stress compared to no face. Whereas interacting with no face (i.e., a voice only black screen) resulted in lower loneliness and subjective stress for males compared to a neutral or emotional face digital human. No significant results were found for heart rate or skin temperature. However, average electrodermal activity was significantly higher for males while interacting with the emotional voice digital human. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that emotional expressiveness in a female digital human has different effects on loneliness, social, and physiological outcomes for males and females. Results may inform the design of digital human support persons, and have theoretical implications. Further research is needed to evaluate how more pronounced emotional facial expressions in a digital human might impact results. CLINICALTRIAL Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) registration application Id: 381816

Social Support Mediating between Coping by Emotional Expression and Depression

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanako Uchida ◽  
Katsuyuki Yamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Social Support Scale ◽  
Situational Coping ◽  
Expression Of Emotions

The present purpose was to investigate the effects of social support on the relationship between coping by expressing emotions and depression in women. Japanese undergraduate students ( N = 218) completed four self-report questionnaires: the dispositional and situational versions of the Emotional Coping Questionnaire which measures the mode of expression as being either to self as in a diary or to others as in telling a friend, the Social Support Scale to evaluate received support, and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale. Analysis showed that expression of emotions to self in both dispositional and situational coping had significant positive correlations with depression, especially for women who scored high on depression, and expression of emotions to others in both dispositional and situational coping were significantly positively correlated with social support. However, no significant mediation effects of social support in emotional expression and depression were found. Limitations and topics for research are discussed.

scholarly journals Coping with my own way: Mediating roles of emotional expression and social support seeking in the associations between individual differences and posttraumatic growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 205510291984659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson CY Yeung ◽  
Tak Sang Chow
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Interdependent Self ◽  
Social Support Seeking ◽  
Support Seeking ◽  
And Coping

This study examined the associations between individual differences and posttraumatic growth, and coping strategies as mediators among 454 trauma-exposed American college students. Results showed that relational-interdependent self-construal, optimism, emotional expression, and social support seeking were associated with higher posttraumatic growth. Moreover, social support seeking and emotional expression partially mediated between relational-interdependent self-construal and posttraumatic growth, such that relational-interdependent self-construal was associated with posttraumatic growth through increased support seeking and emotional expression. However, the association between optimism and posttraumatic growth was partially mediated only by increased emotional expression, but not social support seeking. Findings imply that individual differences may facilitate posttraumatic growth through different coping mechanisms.

#Stupidcancer: Exploring a Typology of Social Support and the Role of Emotional Expression in a Social Media Community

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Gall Myrick ◽  
Avery E. Holton ◽  
Itai Himelboim ◽  
Brad Love
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Emotional Expression

scholarly journals Predicting Risk-Taking Behaviors Based on the Role of Perceived Social Support Components, Emotional Expression and Brain- Behavioral Systems in Addicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 282-297
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi ◽  
◽  
Pezhman Honarmand Ghojebegloo ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Basir Amir ◽  
Behzad Gholizade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Behavioral Activation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Behavioral Systems ◽  
Substance Dependent ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

Aims The prevalence of risk-taking behaviors is a severe health threat. According to rapid social changes, it has recently been considered by health organizations, law enforcement, and social policymakers. The present study aimed to predict risk-taking behaviors based on the role of perceived social support components, emotional expression, and brain-behavioral systems in substance-dependent patients. Methods & Materials This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all substance-dependent patients referring to substance dependence treatment centers in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. In total, 113 substance-dependent patients were selected by convenience sampling method. The study instruments included Rajaee and shafieechr('39')s Risk-Taking Behaviors Questionnaire, Zimetchr('39')s Multiple Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), King, and Emmonschr('39')s Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ), and Carver and Whitechr('39')s Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire (BIS/BAS). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous-entry multiple regression analysis in SPSS. Findings The achieved results suggested a significant negative correlation between perceived social support from family, friends, and others, with the risk-taking behaviors of substance-dependent patients (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between negative emotional expression and the risk-taking behaviors of substance-dependent patients among emotional expressiveness components (P<0.01). Moreover, among the components of brain-behavioral systems, there was a significant positive correlation between behavioral activation system and risk-taking behaviors (P<0.01). Additionally, the regression analysis results revealed that approximately 49% of the total variance of risk-taking behaviors of patients with substance dependence was predicted based on perceived social support components, emotional expression, and brain-behavioral systems (P<0.001). Conclusion In general, perceived social support from family and friends, negative emotional expression, and behavioral activation system can predict risk-taking behaviors in substance-dependent patients.

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