Factors affecting anxiety levels of students of the Bachelor of Medicine Study Program and the Doctor's Profession, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University Class of 2018-2020 in Undertaking the Online Lecture Learning System During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Throughout the pandemic of COVID-19, medical students have been undergoing online learning, which has the potential to cause them anxiety. The study’s objective is to determine a relationship between anxiety scales and gender, year of study, resilience scale, and social support scale. This study used a cross-sectional approach with analytic observational methodology. The year of study and gender were in the biodata section, the resilience scale was calculated utilizing the Nicholson McBride Resilience Questionnaire (NMRQ), and the social support scale was calculated utilizing the Oslo Social Support Scale-3 (OSSS-3). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was employed to evaluate anxiety scales. The data was examined utilizing univariate and bivariate methods such as Chi-square and Kendall-tau. The amount of respondents was 238 respondents who were selected by simple random sampling. The result showed significant results (p<0.05) for factors that consist of gender (r=0.183, p<0.01), year of study (r= -0.151, p<0.05), resilience (r= -0.297, p<0.01) and social support (r= -0.243,p<0.01). This research’s findings are gender, year of study, resilience, and social support all have a significant correlation with anxiety scale experienced by respondents while participating in online learning.

Lapse and Relapse Rates in Narcotics Anonymous Versus Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A 12-Month Prospective Study

Objective: The present study aimed to compare lapse and relapse-free survival between patients treated in Narcotics Anonymous (NA) groups and Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) centers and to determine the relationship between social support scale and treatment outcome. Method: This study was a prospective, 12-month cohort study using the random sampling method to select 100 newcomer patients treated by the NA Association as well as 100 patients in MMT centers. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and Social Support Appraisals (SSA) scale at the onset of the study along with follow-up phone calls every other week. Results: All participants were male, aged between 18 and 65 with a mean (SD) age of 38.98 (± 10.85) years. Prevalence of relapse in 12 months was 60.5%. The lapses in the MMT group and relapses in the NA group were significantly higher (P < 0.001). The younger patients with lower levels of education are at greater risk of lapse/relapse. The mean score of SSA was significantly higher in the MMT group than the NA group in all subscales, including friends, family, and the others' support (P < 0.001). The mean scores of SSA subscales for the participants without relapse in the NA group was significantly higher in comparison to the MMT group. Conclusion: Detection of factors related to drug abuse relapse/lapse may help addiction therapists to identify drug abuse patients with lapse/relapse and to develop treatment and policy guidelines to prevent relapse in addiction recovery.

Evaluation of patient social support, caregiver burden, and their relationship with the course of the disease in patients with bipolar disorder

Background: Bipolar disorder is a chronic disorder that causes significant effects on the patient and exerts a significant care burden on caregivers. This study aimed to investigate the social support of patients, caregivers’ burden and their impact on the clinical course of the disease. Methods: The study included 85 patients with bipolar disorder type I and II (in the recovery phase of the disease) and their caregivers in the age range of 18 to 60 years. It was conducted in Shafa psychiatry Hospital in Rasht (Guilan, Iran, 2020). To assess social support and burden, patients and caregivers completed the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) and Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI), respectively. Clinical variables were also obtained from patients’ medical records; Then ANOVA, MANOVA, Independent T-test were used to compare the data and Regression Analysis and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to find the relationships between variables. Results: It was showed that increasing patient social support is associated with reducing caregiver burden. Among the clinical variables, less social support and more caregiver burden were associated with longer duration of illness ( p < .0029, p < .012), decrease in last recurrence time ( p < .0013, p < .0001), increased number of hospitalizations ( p < .0001, r = −.43 and p < .0001, r = +.49), decreased response to treatment ( p < .0001, p < .0001), and reduced follow-up ( p = .001, OR = 1.12 and p = .001, OR = 0.95). Conclusion: The relationship between low social support and high caregiver burden and their significant effect on the disease course indicates a vicious cycle that affects patients, caregivers, and the clinical course of the disease. Therefore, it seems that interventions to break this cycle can change the situation in favor of patients and caregivers and improve the clinical course of the disease.

Grit and Meaning in Life of Chinese Nurses: The Chain Mediating Effect of Social Support and Hope

Grit is defined as perseverance and passion for long-term goals, and it may affect the stability of the nursing workforce and the physical and mental health of nurses continuously. Meaning in life has received considerable attention from scholars, which is an important component in positive psychology. This study aimed to delve into the relationship between grit and the meaning in life of Chinese nurses. Additionally, we also sought to prove the chain mediating effect of social support and hope on this relationship. An online questionnaire survey was used to collect data from 704 Chinese nurses using the self-made demographic questionnaire with Short Grit Scale (Grit-S), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS), and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ). Moreover, Process version 3.3 plug-in SPSS 25 was used to test the mediation effect between variables. The results showed a strong positive relationship between grit and meaning in life and verified the mediating effect of social support and hope on grit and meaning in life. The results also confirmed the chain mediating model between grit, social support, hope, and meaning in life.

Home Care Practices of Cancer Caregivers and the Effect of Perceived Social Support on Care Burden

Purpose: Caregivers have to manage tasks at home such as providing management of the patient’s follow-up. Social support is known to have protective effects, especially for family members and caregivers for cancer patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of care on home care and perceived social support on cancer burden. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in the Chemotherapy Day Treatment Unit of a University Research and Application Hospital. a 222 patients were included in the study. In this study, Caregiver and Patient Identification Form, Caregiver's Home Care Practices Questionnaire Form, Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale, Perceived Multidimensional Social Support Scale, Karnofsky Performance Scales were used. The data of the study were collected by face-to-face interviews conducted with the caregivers. Results: In our research the social support level was found to be moderately adequate and had a mild maintenance burden. In our study, when the relationship between the multidimensional perceived social support scale scores and the Zarit care load scale scores is examined it was found that there was a significant relation between the perceived social support total scores of caregivers and the care burden scores in a weak and negative way (p <.01). Conclusion: It has been determined that the caregivers of cancer patients have taken care of their home care practices and the perceived lack of social support.

Surveillance of Parenting Outcomes, Mental Health and Social Support for Primiparous Women among the Rural-to-Urban Floating Population

China has the largest population of floating rural-to-urban women worldwide, most of whom are of childbearing age. However, few studies have been conducted to monitor the changing trends in parenting outcomes, mental health and social support for these women in the early postpartum period. In this quantitative longitudinal study, 680 primiparous women among the floating population were recruited in Shenzhen, China. Face-to-face collection of socio-demographic questionnaires was completed by researchers in maternity wards on the third postnatal day. Follow-up electronic questionnaires were dispatched to women via email or WeChat at 6 weeks and 12 weeks following childbirth, including the Self-efficacy in Infant Care Scale (SICS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Postnatal Social Support Scale (PSSS), to measure maternal self-efficacy (MSE), postpartum depression (PPD) and social support, respectively. The mean scores of MSE for these floating women were 67.16 (14.35) at 6 weeks postpartum and slightly increased to 68.71 (15.00) at 12 weeks postpartum. The mean scores of EPDS remained almost stable, from 11.19 (4.89) to 11.18 (5.34) at the two time points. The prevalence of mild and severe PPD among floating women at 6 and 12 weeks after childbirth decreased from 54.4% to 40.1% and from 50.6% to 35.4%, respectively. The mean score of social support was 37.04 (10.15) at 6 weeks postpartum and slightly improved to 38.68 (10.46) at 12 weeks postpartum. Primiparous women among the rural-to-urban migrant population had an obviously negative status of parenting outcomes and mental health; and there was a lack of social support after childbirth. In future, tailored evidence-based interventions are highly needed to promote floating women’s parenting outcomes, mental wellbeing and social support in the early stages of motherhood. As a higher-risk group of PPD, primiparous women among the floating population require effective and accessible mental health care after childbirth, such as early PPD screening and timely therapeutic methods.

Social Support as a Facilitator of Musical Self-Efficacy

Previous research has shown that musical self-efficacy is one of the predictors of academic achievement, but few studies have analyzed the function of social support in the construction of musical self-efficacy. In this study we analyze the relationship between three sources of support perceived by music students – parents, teachers, and peers – and their influence on levels of self-efficacy for learning and for public performance. We analyze three groups of students under the hypothesis that relationships among those variables can vary with age and the level of education. A total of 444 students enrolled in six Spanish music schools, two music universities, and four advanced music schools, completed the Social Support Scale for Music Students, as well as the General Musical Self-Efficacy Scale. Results reveal significant relationships among the aforementioned variables, with considerable variation according to academic level. For the youngest students enrolled in advanced music schools (conservatorios profesionales), the role of parents and teachers was crucial, especially for predicting self-efficacy for learning, which, in turn, is the best predictor of self-efficacy for public performance. For the 16–18-year-olds enrolled in the same advanced music schools, their peers play a particularly relevant role in reinforcing their self-efficacy for learning. Social support had a negligible influence on the self-efficacy of university-level students, but they did experience a strong relationship between self-efficacy for learning, on the one hand, and public performance, on the other. We interpret these results in view of potential long-term careers in music, relating them with a series of different agents.

PENERIMAAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL SEBAGAI PREDIKTOR RESILIENSI PADA TENAGA KESEHATAN DI MASA PANDEMI COVID 19

Dalam penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan perceived social support dengan resiliensi frontliners tenaga kesehatan di masa pandemi COVID-19. Perceived social support dipahami sebagai dukungan yang bersumber dari keluarga, teman, dan significant other, yang mengacu pada cakupan jaringan sosial yang dimiliki individu sebagai tempat mendapatkan dukungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling aksidental (Accidental Sampling). Responden dalam penelitian ini ditujukan pada tenaga kesehatan yang menghadapi, merawat, berinteraksi, maupun ikut serta/terlibat dalam penanganan pasien COVID-19 yang berjumlah 112 responden, dengan latar belakang pekerjaan yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji korelasi. Skala yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala Multidimensional perceived social support scale oleh Zimet (1988), dan skala Connor Davidson Resilience scale 25 oleh Connor dan Davidson (2003). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antara perceived social support dengan resiliensi frontliners tenaga kesehatan di masa pandemi COVID-19 memiliki hubungan dengan signifikansi positif, yang berarti tingginya perceived social support maka resiliensi juga meningkat begitupun sebaliknya.

Forgiveness and Perceived Social Support in Teenagers

In this research, the aim is to investigate the relationship between forgiveness and perceived social support in teenagers in terms of various variables (gender, high school type, education level of parents, expressed relative communication and expressed family, friends, teacher support). The population of the research consists of high school students studying in Kocaeli province in 2019-2020 education year and the research sample consists of 422 students who are chosen with appropriate sampling method from four different high school types in Kocaeli. The data was gathered with “Personal Information Form”, “Forgiveness Scale for Teenagers” and “Perceived Social Support Scale”. Also, in order to analyse the data, pearson product-moment correlation coefficient technique, regression analysis, one-way analysis of variance, T-test were used (p<.05). According to the findings obtained from the research, it was found that there is a significant relation in a positive way between teenagers’ forgiveness tendency and perceived social support points. In addition, it was determined that there is a significant and positive relation between perceived social support and empathy establishment aspect of forgiveness and again, between perceived social support and forgiveness tendency. The obtained findings were discussed and interpreted by dealing with the research’s hypothesis frame and the related researches. In addition, the research findings and suggestions for the next researches were given place in this research.