scholarly journals ‘What works’ depends: teacher accountability policy and sociocultural context in international large-scale surveys

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Yue-Yi Hwa
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Teacher Accountability ◽  
What Works ◽  
Accountability Policy

scholarly journals Is there a possibility of perovskite taking over the solar technology market by 2030?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Adebayo O.Fashina
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Silicon Solar Cells ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
What Works ◽  
Technology Market ◽  
Solar Cell Technology

In recent time, there have been enormous advances in the development of perovskite solar cells in terms of its efficiency, rising from 3.8 percent in 2009 to 23.7 percent in 2018. This took other solar technologies over thirty years of research to accomplish. On the other hand, perovskite proffers a more affordable solution since it is potentially much cheaper to produce and relatively simple to manufacture than silicon solar cells. In spite of this great potential, perovskite solar cell technology is still in the premature stages of commercialization due to a number of concerns. Moreover, like with many new technologies, there is a difference between what works in the laboratory at small-scale and in the factory at large-scale. Thus, looking at perovskites as a material, it has the tendency to be a bit unstable at high temperature and susceptible to moisture and these could cause the decomposition of cells. The question here is: can perovskite outshine silicon solar cel1s in the next 10 years considering the successes so far and the vigorous research that is presently taking place globally?  

REASON, THE COMMON LAW, AND THE LIVING CONSTITUTION

Legal Theory ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-300
Author(s):  
Matthew Steilen
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Free Speech ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Alternative Account ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Common ◽  
Judicial Action

This article reviews David Strauss's recent book, The Living Constitution. The thesis of Strauss's book is that constitutional law is a kind of common law, based largely on judicial precedent and commonsense judgments about what works and what is fair. In defending this claim, Strauss argues that central constitutional prohibitions of discrimination and protections of free speech have a common-law basis and that the originalist should consequently reject them. The review disputes this contention. It examines Strauss's account of the common law and argues that it cannot support our First Amendment protections of subversive advocacy, as Strauss says it does. The review then offers an alternative account of the common law based on the “classical” common-law theory associated with Coke and Hale. The latter account does support our protections of subversive advocacy but is much less appealing to those distrustful of ambitious and large-scale judicial action.

Individual Behavior and Global Environmental Problems

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. DeSombre
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Individual Behavior ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Global Environmental Problems ◽  
What Works ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Large Groups

Global environmental problems are often the aggregated effect of behavior by individuals, but is persuading people individually to change their behavior useful for addressing these problems? Understanding why it is that people behave individually in ways that have collectively problematic environmental effects is key to understanding what works—and doesn’t work—to change this individual behavior. This article argues that because of the problem characteristics and social structures that underpin large-scale environmental problems, a focus on trying to persuade people to behave in ways that are less environmentally problematic is ineffective at best and possibly even counterproductive. Instead we should focus on changing systems and structures to provide incentives, routines, and contexts in which we can simultaneously change the behavior of large groups of people, whether or not their behavior change is undertaken intentionally for environmental benefit.

scholarly journals Research on Continuous Improvement: Exploring the Complexities of Managing Educational Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 403-433
Author(s):  
Maxwell M. Yurkofsky ◽  
Amelia J. Peterson ◽  
Jal D. Mehta ◽  
Rebecca Horwitz-Willis ◽  
Kim M. Frumin
Keyword(s):  
Educational Change ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Formal Knowledge ◽  
What Works ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Theories Of Action ◽  
Political Dimensions

As a result of the frustration with the dominant “What Works” paradigm of large-scale research-based improvement, practitioners, researchers, foundations, and policymakers are increasingly embracing a set of ideas and practices that can be collectively labeled continuous improvement (CI) methods. This chapter provides a comparative review of these methods, paying particular attention to CI methods’ intellectual influences, theories of action, and affordances and challenges in practice. We first map out and explore the shared intellectual forebears that CI methods draw on. We then discuss three kinds of complexity to which CI methods explicitly attend—ambiguity, variability, and interdependence—and how CI methods seek a balance of local and formal knowledge in response to this complexity. We go on to argue that CI methods are generally less attentive to the relational and political dimensions of educational change and that this leads to challenges in practice. We conclude by considering CI methods’ aspirations for impact at scale, and offer a number of recommendations to inform future research and practice.

scholarly journals Stakeholder Experiences Implementing a National ROPS Rebate Program: A Grounded Theory Situational Analysis

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402093251
Author(s):  
Pamela J. Tinc ◽  
Julie A. Sorensen ◽  
Kristina Lindvall
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Implementation Strategy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
What Works ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Inner Setting

Currently, little is known about what works, or does not work, in occupational safety implementation efforts. The aim of this study is to (a) explore what works and what does not in scaling up an agricultural safety intervention, and (b) explore these findings in terms of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A total of 13 stakeholders were interviewed about their experiences with the National Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) Rebate Program implementation. Nine of these individuals also participated in follow-up interviews one year later. A Grounded Theory Situational Analysis approach was used for data collection and analysis. Two themes emerged from the data. First, the implementation strategy has evolved inconsistently across stakeholders (a barrier to implementation). Second, stakeholder engagement in the implementation is a function of perceived feasibility and “small wins” (an opportunity for improving implementation efforts). Based on the results of this study, two areas of needed improvement to the National ROPS Rebate Program implementation strategy were identified: (a) appropriateness and feasibility of inner setting stakeholder engagement, and (b) receptivity of outer setting stakeholders and potential funders. These findings will be helpful for increasing the success of the implementation, and can also provide guidance to others working on large-scale implementation studies.

scholarly journals What Works and What Does Not: an Analysis of Application Frameworks Technology

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wusheng Zhang ◽  
Mik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Software Development ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
What Works ◽  
Potential Benefits

Advocates of application frameworks claim that this technology is one of the most promising, supporting large-scale reuse, increased productivity and quality, and reduced cost of software development. A number of its advocates suggest that the next decade will be a major challenge for the development and deployment of this technology. This study investigates the theory and practice of application frameworks technology to evaluate what works and what does not in systems development. The evaluation is based on quality criteria developed by the authors. The result of the study suggests that application frameworks technology does support large-scale reuse by incorporating other existing reuse techniques such as design patterns, class libraries and components. It also shows that the methodological support pertaining to building and implementing application frameworks is inadequate. Furthermore, it indicates that application frameworks technology may increase the quality of software in terms of correctness and reusability with some penalty factors but there is no guarantee of increasing the extendability and interoperability of software systems. There are still obstacles that restrict the potential benefits claimed by the proponents of application frameworks.

scholarly journals Humanitarian innovation: The next step for greater impact

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Wilde ◽  
Dan McClure
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Silicon Valley ◽  
System Innovation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Work Demands ◽  
What Works ◽  
The Social ◽  
Innovative Solutions

Since 2010, the aid sector has invested significant funds in innovation practice, implementing pilots and other practices borrowed from Silicon Valley. While this has supported some impact, the aid sector has now hit a plateau with innovation, struggling to scale what works, frustrated by ‘digital litter’ (unsustainable technology projects), trying to overcome the small innovation trap, and ‘pilotitis’ (fatigue from implementing small-scale projects that never scale up). Many innovation leaders in the social and development sectors are realising that the ‘lean’ innovation approaches commonly used do not work well for the complex challenges in their sector. To create the change and impact that our work demands, organisations must be able to work with real and messy challenges, and create large-scale innovative solutions. The sector is beginning to use system innovation to move past simplifying challenges in lean experiments and hackathons. This paper discusses how system innovation can support humanitarians to take the next step to innovation effectiveness, to create real impact in communities.

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