Extraction and Characterization of Hemicelluloses and Cellulose from Oil Palm Trunk and Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Using oil palm trunk (OPT) layered with empty fruit bunch (EFB), so-called hybrid plywood enhanced with palm oil ash nanoparticles, with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin as a binder, was produced in this study. The phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins filled with different loading of oil palm ash (OPA) nanoparticles were prepared and used as glue for layers of the oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and empty fruit bunch fibre mat. The resulting hybrid plywood produced was characterised. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the hybrid plywood panels were investigated. The results obtained showed that the presence of OPA nanoparticles significantly affected the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the plywood panels. Significant improvements in dimension from water absorption and thickness swelling experiments were obtained for the plywood panels with the highest OPA nanoparticles loading in PF resin. The mechanical properties indicated that plywood composites showed improvement in flexural, shear, and impact properties until a certain loading of OPA nanoparticles in PF resin. Fracture surface morphology also showed the effectiveness of OPA nanoparticles in the reduction of layer breakage due to force and stress distribution. The thermal stability performance showed that PF filled OPA nanoparticles contributed to the thermal stability of the plywood panels. Therefore, the results obtained in this study showed that OPA nanoparticles certainly improved the characteristic of the hybrid plywood.

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Physicochemical and Structural Characterization of Alkali Soluble Lignins from Oil Palm Trunk and Empty Fruit-Bunch Fibers

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry ◽

10.1021/jf9810463 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 2930-2936 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Sun ◽

J. M. Fang ◽

J. Tomkinson ◽

J. Bolton

Keyword(s):

Structural Characterization ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Oil Palm Trunk

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Fractional Isolation and Characterization of Polysaccharides from Oil Palm Trunk and Empty Fruit Bunch Fibres

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.1999.043 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 253-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. Sun ◽

J.M. Fang ◽

L. Mott ◽

J. Bolton

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Cold Water ◽

Syringic Acid ◽

Hot Water ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Coumaric Acid ◽

Oil Palm Trunk ◽

Isolation And Characterization

Summary The polysaccharides in oil palm trunk fibre and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibre were fractionated into cold water solubles, hot water solubles, 1% NaOH solubles, and 17.5% NaOH soluble fractions. Cellulose (approximately 42%) and hemicelluloses (approximately 33%) were the major polysaccharides in the palm trunk fibre and EFB fibre. Extractions of the lignified fibres with cold water, hot water, and 1% NaOH produced the hemicellulosic fractions, which were enriched in xylose and glucose and to a lesser extent, arabinose-, galactose-, mannose-, rhamnose-, and ribose-containing polysaccharides, together with noticeable amounts of associated lignin (4.5–31.2%). Further extraction of the delignified fibre residues with aqueous 17.5% NaOH removed the hemicellulosic fractions, which were strongly enriched in xylose-containing polysaccharides and relatively free of associated lignin (0.3–0.7%). Eight phenolic acids and aldehydes, including p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillic acid, syringic acid, vanillin, syringaldehyde, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, were detected in the mixtures of alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation of associated lignin in all the sixteen polysaccharide fractions. The results obtained showed that hemicelluloses in the cell walls of oil palm trunk and EFB fibres, are mainly bonded with lignin by syringyl units.

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Fractional Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignins from Oil Palm Trunk and Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers

Journal of Wood Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.1080/02773819909349616 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 335-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

R. C. Sun ◽

J. M. Fang ◽

J. Tomkinson

Keyword(s):

Structural Characterization ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Oil Palm Trunk

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Characterization of pyrolysis products of oil palm empty fruit bunch

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/749/1/012041 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 749 (1) ◽

pp. 012041

Author(s):

Slamet Handoko ◽

N. Nurhadi ◽

Sri mujiati ◽

Rachma Fitriani

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch ◽

Pyrolysis Products

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PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCH WASTES USING ZINC CHLORIDE

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v74.4876 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Riry Wirasnita ◽

Tony Hadibarata ◽

Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff ◽

Zainab Mat Lazim

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Zinc Chloride ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Active Sites ◽

Activated Carbons ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Infrared Spectrometry ◽

Empty Fruit Bunch

An oil palm empty fruit bunch-derived activated carbon has been successfully produced by chemical activation with zinc chloride and without chemical activation. The preparation was conducted in the tube furnace at 500oC for 1 h. The surface structure and active sites of activated carbons were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The proximate analysis including moisture content, ash content, bulk density, pH, and pH at zero charge was conducted to identify the psychochemical properties of the adsorbent. The results showed that the zinc chloride-activated carbon has better characteristics compared to the carbon without chemical activation.

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Production and Characterization of Hybrid Briquettes from Corncobs and Oil Palm Trunk Bark under a Low Pressure Densification Technique

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12062468 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 2468

Author(s):

Sunday Yusuf Kpalo ◽

Mohamad Faiz Zainuddin ◽

Latifah Abd Manaf ◽

Ahmad Muhaimin Roslan

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Compaction Pressure ◽

Low Pressure ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Test Methods ◽

Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽

Oil Palm Trunk

The objective of this research was to investigate the quality of hybrid briquettes developed from corncobs (CC) and oil palm trunk bark (OPTB) under a low-pressure densification technique. The materials were combined in varying ratios of CC to OPTB (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100) and wastepaper pulp (10% by weight) was added to each mixture as a binder. The briquettes were produced using a manually operated 20-tonne hydraulic piston press at 28 °C temperature and ≤7 MPa compaction pressure. The mechanical strength of the briquettes was determined by the drop test and compression test methods, while a bomb calorimeter was used to determine the calorific values. The results showed that the physical properties of hybrid briquettes ranged from 9.24–10.00% moisture content, 0.38–0.40 g/cm3 density, and 87.60%–92.00% water resistance. Mechanical strength showed a 98.28%–99.08% shatter index and 18.47–21.75 MPa compressive strength, while calorific values ranged from 16.54–16.91 MJ/kg. The hybrid briquettes fared better than the CC briquettes. The significance of this study lies in the production of briquettes with suitable physical, mechanical and thermal properties by utilizing OPTB which have hitherto not been used, mixed with corncobs. This could bring substantial environmental and socio-economic benefits to rural communities of the developing countries.

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