Impact of Ambient Temperatures and Driving Conditions on the Chemical Composition of Particulate Matter Emissions from Non-Smoking Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles

2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Schauer ◽  
C. G. Christensen ◽  
D. B. Kittelson ◽  
J. P. Johnson ◽  
W. F. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Driving Conditions

scholarly journals Mode-specific, semi-volatile chemical composition of particulate matter emissions from a commercial gas turbine aircraft engine

2019 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 116974
Author(s):  
Zhenhong Yu ◽  
Michael T. Timko ◽  
Scott C. Herndon ◽  
Richard, C. Miake-Lye ◽  
Andreas J. Beyersdorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

2015 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
David Buote ◽  
Craig R. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semisynthetic 50–50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

Influence of Fuel Chemical Composition on Particulate Matter Emissions of a Turbine Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Corporan ◽  
Orvin Monroig ◽  
Matthew Wagner ◽  
Matthew J. Dewitt
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Particle Number Density ◽  
Synthetic Jet ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Calculated Mass ◽  
Turboshaft Engine

The effects of fuel chemical composition on particulate matter (PM) emissions of a T63 engine were investigated. Fuels with different aromatic, cycloparaffin (naphthene), iso-paraffin and normal paraffin levels were evaluated in the turboshaft engine and compared to the performance of a typical JP-8 fuel. The fuels studied include: a semi-synthetic jet fuel, two high naphthenic experimental fuels, three Exxon solvents (Isopar M, Isopar H and Norpar-13) and methylcyclohexane. The effect of blending solvents in JP-8 on PM emissions was also assessed. Commercially available particulate instruments were used to measure particle number density, particulate mass concentration and particle size distribution. Results showed a general trend of higher particulate concentrations and larger diameter soot particles with decreasing fuel hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratio or increasing aromatic content. However, for several fuels with approximately the same H/C ratio, significant differences in PND and calculated mass were observed. Furthermore, blends of JP-8 with solvents of similar H/C ratio but varying chemical composition produced significantly different particulate emissions. These findings demonstrate that particulate emissions from hydrocarbon-fueled combustion processes are not solely a function of the H/C ratio or aromatic concentration of the fuel, but that other properties or constituents also impact soot emissions. Chemical and physical properties of the fuels and their potential effect on particulate emissions are discussed. These findings provide insight into fuel properties that impact PM emissions, which may aid in the development of fuel additives to reduce particulate emissions from turbine engine combustors.

Characterization of Emissions From the Use of Alternative Aviation Fuels

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak W. Chan ◽  
Wajid A. Chishty ◽  
Pervez Canteenwalla ◽  
David Buote ◽  
Craig R. Davison
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Alternative Aviation Fuels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Alternative fuels for aviation are now a reality. These fuels not only reduce reliance on conventional petroleum-based fuels as the primary propulsion source, but also offer promise for environmental sustainability. While these alternative fuels meet the aviation fuels standards and their overall properties resemble those of the conventional fuel, they are expected to demonstrate different exhaust emissions characteristics because of the inherent variations in their chemical composition resulting from the variations involved in the processing of these fuels. This paper presents the results of back-to-back comparison of emissions characterization tests that were performed using three alternative aviation fuels in a GE CF-700-2D-2 engine core. The fuels used were an unblended synthetic kerosene fuel with aromatics (SKA), an unblended Fischer Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) and a semi-synthetic 50-50 blend of Jet A-1 and hydroprocessed SPK. Results indicate that while there is little dissimilarity in the gaseous emissions profiles from these alternative fuels, there is however a significant difference in the particulate matter emissions from these fuels. These differences are primarily attributed to the variations in the aromatic and hydrogen contents in the fuels with some contributions from the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the fuels.

scholarly journals Final report for measurement of primary particulate matter emissions from light-duty motor vehicles

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Norbeck ◽  
T. D. Durbin ◽  
T. J. Truex
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Final Report ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particulate Matter Emissions From Two-Wheel Motor Vehicles

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Picini ◽  
P. Spezzano ◽  
D. Cataldi ◽  
F. Messale ◽  
C. Manni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Temperature Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions from Light-Duty, Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 4672-4677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Nam ◽  
Sandeep Kishan ◽  
Richard W. Baldauf ◽  
Carl R. Fulper ◽  
Michael Sabisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Influence of operating conditions on chemical composition of particulate matter emissions from residential combustion

2015 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Vicente ◽  
M.A. Duarte ◽  
A.I. Calvo ◽  
T.F. Nunes ◽  
L.A.C. Tarelho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Residential Combustion ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

scholarly journals Non-exhaust particulate matter emission from vehicles: A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 01015
Author(s):  
Dongdong Guo ◽  
Hongyuan Wei ◽  
Yong Guo ◽  
Chuanqi Wang ◽  
Zenghui Yin
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Exhaust Particulate ◽  
Particulate Matter Pollution

According to the source, particulate matter produced during vehicle driving can be divided into exhaust emission and non-exhaust emission. Exhaust emission includes exhaust pipe emission and crankcase emission, while non-exhaust emission includes brake wear, tire wear, road wear and road dust. For a long time, it has been considered that the particulate matter pollution of motor vehicles mainly comes from exhaust emissions, and the control of particulate matter pollution in various countries is mainly concentrated in the tail gas. However, with the continuous tightening of emission standards, the emission of particulate matter has been reduced, but also makes the environmental pollution of non-exhaust particulate matter increasingly prominent. This paper summarizes the research on vehicle non-exhaust particulate matter emissions, aiming to emphasize the importance of non-exhaust particulate matter emissions and the necessity of legislation, so as to reduce their contribution to environmental particulate matter concentration.

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