scholarly journals Recent clinical evidence on metronomic dosing in controlled clinical trials: a systematic literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 775-785
Author(s):  
Viktor Wichmann ◽  
Natalja Eigeliene ◽  
Jatta Saarenheimo ◽  
Antti Jekunen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Metronomic Dosing

scholarly journals Effects of culinary herbs and spices on obesity: A systematic literature review of clinical trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 104449
Author(s):  
Chandana Deekshith ◽  
Markandeya Jois ◽  
Jessica Radcliffe ◽  
Jency Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Culinary Herbs ◽  
Herbs And Spices

Surgical treatment of rectovaginal fistulas (systematic literature review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-48
Author(s):  
Andrei Anatolevich Mudrov ◽  
Aleksandr Yur’evich Titov ◽  
Mariyam Magomedovna Omarova ◽  
Sergei Alekseevich Frolov ◽  
Ivan Vasilevich Kostarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Rectovaginal Fistulas ◽  
Surgical Treatments

Despite the large number of available surgical interventions aimed at the treatment of rectovaginal fistulas, the results of their use remain extremely disappointing, associated with the high recurrence rate of the disease reaching 80 %, as well as the lack of a single tactic to minimize the risk of anal incontinence and the need for colostomy. Objective: to conduct a systematic literature review in order to summarize information related to the rectovaginal fistulas surgery. The systematic review includes the results of an analysis of 97 clinical trials selected from 756 publications found in databases. Inclusion criteria: a full-text article, the presence of at least 5 patients in the study, as well as data on the outcome of surgery. Clinical trials with different surgical treatments were identified and classified into the following categories: elimination of the rectovaginal septal defect with a displaced flap (rectal and vaginal); Martius surgery; gracilis muscle transposition; transperineal procedure; abdominal procedure including endoscopic and laparoscopic methods; use of biological or biocompatible materials. Treatment outcomes vary significantly from 0 % to > 80 %. None of the studies were randomized. Due to the low quality of the identified studies, comparison of results and meta-analysis conduction were not possible. Conclusion: as a result of the systematic review, data for the analysis and development of any strategic and tactical algorithms for the treatment of RVF were not obtained. The most important questions still remain open: what and when surgical method to choose, is it necessary to form a disconnecting stoma?

Diarrhea in Placebo Arms of Cancer Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-385
Author(s):  
BIRTE J. WOLFF ◽  
JOHANNES E. WOLFF
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Oncology Clinical Trials ◽  
Prevention Studies ◽  
Cancer Studies

Background/Aim: Diarrhea is among the most common adverse events in early oncology clinical trials, and drug causality may be difficult to determine. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic literature review of placebo arms of randomized cancer trials. Results: Anemia was reported in 95 of 127 placebo monotherapy cohorts. Publications involving healthy volunteers and cancer prevention studies reported lower frequencies than those with cancer patients. The average reported frequency of diarrhea grade 1 or higher among studies in cancer patients was 15%. The maximal reported frequencies for grades 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 were 56, 24, 6, 2, and 0%, respectively. Conclusion: When higher diarrhea frequencies than those are observed in treatment arms of clinical trials, then drug causality is likely.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of 5 Databases for the Identification of Warfarin-Medication Interactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. E95-E97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kornblith ◽  
Kennon Heard
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Percentage Agreement

Databases are used to screen for warfarin-medication interactions. We measured the reliability and validity of 5 databases. Databases were queried for 30 medications identified as having varying degrees of interactions with warfarin in a recent systematic literature review. Reliability was measured by the percentage agreement between the databases for each interaction and validity was measured by agreement between each database and the systematic literature review. All of the databases and the systematic review agreed on 14 medications (47%). There were 5 medications (17%) where all databases reported an interaction, but no interaction was noted by the systematic review. The databases did not agree on the remaining 11 medications (37%). Four of these interactions were of moderate or greater clinical significance. These commonly used databases frequently do not agree on the occurrence of warfarin-medications interactions, and some interactions identified by the best clinical evidence were not identified in several databases.

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review of Real-World Evidence of C Eftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Respiratory Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Puzniak ◽  
Ryan Dillon ◽  
Thomas Palmer ◽  
Hannah Collings ◽  
Ashley Enstone
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Real World ◽  
Bacterial Pneumonia ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP), ventilated HABP (vHABP), and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Common pathogens, including Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly prevalent in healthcare settings and have few effective treatment options due to high rates of antibacterial resistance. Resistant pathogens are associated with significantly worse outcomes and higher costs, relative to patients with susceptible infections. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has established efficacy in clinical trials of patients with NP. This review aimed to collate data on C/T use for HABP/vHABP/VABP infections in real-world clinical practice. Methods: This systematic literature review searched online biomedical databases for real-world studies of C/T for gram-negative respiratory tract infections (RTIs) up to June 2020. Relevant study, patient, and treatment characteristics, microbiology, and efficacy outcomes were captured.Results: Thirty-three studies comprising 658 patients were identified. Pneumonia was the most common infection C/T was used to treat (85%), with a smaller number of unspecified RTIs (9%) and tracheobronchitis (5%) reported. Data on severity of illness and comorbidity were inconsistently reported. The majority of patients had respiratory infections caused by P. aeruginosa (92.8%), of which 88.1% were multidrug-resistant (including extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant). Examination of these studies demonstrated an increase in the percentage of patients receiving the recommended dose of C/T for respiratory infections (3 g q8h or renal impairment-adjusted) over time (36.8% of patients in 2017 to 71.5% in 2020). Clinical success rates ranged from 51.4–100%, with 10 studies (55.6% of studies reporting clinical success) reporting clinical success rates of >70%; microbiological success rates ranged from 57.0–100.0%, with three studies (60.0% of studies reporting microbiological success) reporting microbiological success rates of >70%. Thirty-day mortality ranged from 0.0–33.0%, with nine studies (90% of studies reporting mortality) reporting 30-day mortality of <30%. Conclusions: The studies identified in this review demonstrate that C/T shows similar outcomes as those seen in clinical trials, despite the higher frequency of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and comorbidities/conditions that may have been excluded from the trials.

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