On G-majorization inequalities for gradients of G-increasing functions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Marek Niezgoda
Keyword(s):  
Increasing Functions

Extinction in the Pigeon after Continuous Reinforcement: Effect of Number of Reinforced Responses

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurel Furumoto
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Key Peck ◽  
Continuous Reinforcement ◽  
Gm Food ◽  
Free Operant ◽  
Time To Extinction ◽  
Monotonically Increasing Function ◽  
Increasing Functions ◽  
Increasing Function

Number of responses and time to extinction were measured after 3, 10, 1000, 3000, 5000, and 10,000 reinforced key-peck responses during conditioning. Each response was reinforced with a 045-gm. food pellet. The number of responses in extinction was a monotonically increasing function which became asymptotic beyond 1000 reinforced responses. Number of reinforced responses during conditioning significantly affected the number of responses in extinction ( p < .001) but not the time to extinction. The results support the findings of previous free-operant bar-press studies with rats. Free-operant animal studies of extinction after continuous reinforcement have consistently produced monotonically increasing functions and have typically employed relatively small amounts of reinforcement. Amount of reward may be an important parameter determining the shape of the extinction function in the free-operant studies.

Optimal control of random walks, birth and death processes, and queues

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Serfozo
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Random Walks ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Transition Rates ◽  
Average Reward ◽  
Birth And Death Processes ◽  
Optimal Policies ◽  
One Step ◽  
Increasing Functions

This is a study of simple random walks, birth and death processes, and M/M/s queues that have transition probabilities and rates that are sequentially controlled at jump times of the processes. Each control action yields a one-step reward depending on the chosen probabilities or transition rates and the state of the process. The aim is to find control policies that maximize the total discounted or average reward. Conditions are given for these processes to have certain natural monotone optimal policies. Under such a policy for the M/M/s queue, for example, the service and arrival rates are non-decreasing and non-increasing functions, respectively, of the queue length. Properties of these policies and a linear program for computing them are also discussed.

scholarly journals Reputation and Sovereign Default

Econometrica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 1979-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Amador ◽  
Christopher Phelan
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Time ◽  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Sovereign Default ◽  
Bond Price ◽  
Continuous Time Model ◽  
Bond Prices ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Markov Equilibrium ◽  
Random Times ◽  
Increasing Functions

This paper presents a continuous‐time model of sovereign debt. In it, a relatively impatient sovereign government's hidden type switches back and forth between a commitment type, which cannot default, and an opportunistic type, which can, and where we assume outside lenders have particular beliefs regarding how a commitment type should borrow for any given level of debt and bond price. In any Markov equilibrium, the opportunistic type mimics the commitment type when borrowing, revealing its type only by defaulting on its debt at random times. The equilibrium features a “graduation date”: a finite amount of time since the last default, after which time reputation reaches its highest level and is unaffected by not defaulting. Before such date, not defaulting always increases the country's reputation. For countries that have recently defaulted, bond prices and the total amount of debt are increasing functions of the amount of time since the country's last default. For countries that have not recently defaulted (i.e., those that have graduated), bond prices are constant.

scholarly journals Stochastic comparison of point random fields

1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 868-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Otto Georgii ◽  
Torsten Küneth
Keyword(s):  
Point Process ◽  
Random Fields ◽  
Alternative Proof ◽  
Probability Measures ◽  
Stochastic Comparison ◽  
Sufficient Condition ◽  
Stochastic Domination ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Increasing Functions

We give an alternative proof of a point-process version of the FKG–Holley–Preston inequality which provides a sufficient condition for stochastic domination of probability measures, and for positive correlations of increasing functions.

Effects of temperature variations on the dynamics of microtubules

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (34) ◽  
pp. 1950433
Author(s):  
M. C. Ekosso ◽  
A. J. Fotue ◽  
S. C. Kenfack ◽  
H. Fotsin ◽  
L. C. Fai
Keyword(s):  
Wave Function ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Structures ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Intrinsic Parameter ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Dynamical Behaviors ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Functions

Cells actively modify their behavior in on account of changes in their environment. The most important intrinsic parameter related to the intracellular environment is the temperature, the variations of which modify the dynamical behaviors of biomolecules. Indeed, an increase in temperature leads to an increase in fluidity which can damage the proteinous membrane and induce cellular death. If the temperature is extremely high, the proteins can be broken down or denatured as a consequence. However, concerning microtubules (MTs), we show that by their intrinsic behavior of self-organization, they are able to modulate temperature variations in order to avoid denaturation for values of temperature up to [Formula: see text]. Above this temperature, there is a critical point at [Formula: see text] where the wave function completely disappears which is indicative of denaturation as the biological activity of the neuronal MTs is lost. We show that temperature variations change the viscosity of the cytosol which modifies the wave function and give rise to hybrid soliton structures. These hybrid solitons come from the collision of waves propagating along MTs. We also show that the supersonic velocity of these hybrid structures can be decreasing or increasing functions of environmental temperature.

scholarly journals A NEW INEQUALITY FOR THE HERMITE CONSTANTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 363-386
Author(s):  
ROLAND BACHER
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Lattice ◽  
Maximal Density ◽  
Hermite’S Constant ◽  
Increasing Functions ◽  
Lattice Packings

We describe continuous increasing functions Cn(x) such that γn ≥ Cn(γn-1) where γm is Hermite's constant in dimension m. This inequality yields a new proof of the Minkowski–Hlawka bound Δn ≥ ζ(n)21-n for the maximal density Δn of n-dimensional lattice packings.

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