The neighborhood context of school openings: Charter school expansion and socioeconomic ascent in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jennifer Candipan ◽  
Noli Brazil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Charter School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
School Expansion

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Jennifer Patico
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Charter School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
The Way

This chapter introduces the argument of the book: that tensions in the way middle-class parents treat children’s food reflect the influence of an underlying ethic that is linked with neoliberal capitalism and that shapes social inequality in the United States. Several literatures and subthemes are introduced, including the politics of parenting in the United States; middle-class aesthetics and anxieties, particularly as these relate to parenting and food; and theories of neoliberalism and its impacts on selfhood and everyday life. In addition, this chapter describes the research setting of the book: “Hometown,” a K–8 charter school and the urban, gentrifying area of Atlanta in which it is located. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of the ethnographic methods used to collect materials for this book, including reflexive discussion of the ethnographer’s positioning.

Geographic Identity and Attitudes toward Undocumented Immigrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorrie Frasure-Yokley ◽  
Bryan Wilcox-Archuleta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

This article examines the extent to which economic attitudes, political predispositions, neighborhood context, and socio-demographic factors influence views toward adult, undocumented immigrants living and working in the United States. We specifically examine how these factors differ for respondents living in various types of American urban, suburban, and rural areas. Arguably, in the aftermath of the 2016 Presidential election, public opinion toward often racialized immigration policy proposals is incomplete without an understanding of the role of place and geographic identity. In the 2016 general election, 62 percent of rural voters cast a ballot for Trump, as compared with 50 percent of suburban voters, and 35 percent of urban voters. However, we know little about how their views toward undocumented immigration, a persistent hot-button issue, varied by geographic type. Our findings suggest that views toward undocumented immigrants currently living and working in the United States are conditioned by factors related to a respondent’s geographic type. We find that attitudes toward immigrants vary considerably across place. These findings provide support to our argument about the development of a geographic-based identity that has considerable impact on important public opinion attitudes, even after controlling for more traditional explanatory factors.

The Prisonized Old Head: Intergenerational Socialization and the Fusion of Ghetto and Prison Culture

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest Stuart ◽  
Reuben Jonathan Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Urban Neighborhoods ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Prison Culture

Over the last four decades, the United States’ criminal justice system has undergone a historic expansion, which has disproportionately impacted poor urban neighborhoods. The meteoric rise in the percentage of the urban poor either on their way to, in, or recently released from jail or prison has led a number of scholars to theorize a “fusion of ghetto and prison culture” (Wacquant 2001). The exact sources and contours of this fusion, however, remain unspecified. How, concretely, are the cultural contexts of prisons transmitted to poor urban neighborhoods? This article proposes that intergenerational socialization is a key mechanism in this process. We contend that the dramatic expansion of the criminal justice system over the last four decades has given rise to an unexpected and peculiar form of socialization, provided by a new social actor—what we term the “prisonized old head.” We define the prisonized old head as an individual who exhibits three particular characteristics. They are (1) older individuals with extensive experiences in, and wisdom about, the criminal justice system; who (2) informally socialize neighborhood residents to embrace the cultural schemas and routines learned inside penal spaces; to (3) navigate the daily exigencies routinely faced in the neighborhood context. Stated simply, prisonized old heads leverage ways of life developed “on the inside” as strategies for living life “on the outside.” We articulate the emergence, mechanisms, and implications of this form of socialization drawing on fieldwork data in Los Angeless’ Skid Row neighborhood—one of the premier reentry communities in the United States. We show that although this socialization may contribute to desistance and self-transformation, it can simultaneously constrain upward mobility and limit reintegration.

Second-Generation Contextual Mobility: Neighborhood Attainment from Birth to Young Adulthood in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 356-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van C. Tran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time

This article examines trajectories of neighborhood mobility for the post-1965 second generation in the United States. It advances the concept of second-generation contextual mobility, defined as the change in neighborhood context over the life course among the second generation. This analysis uses unique geocoded longitudinal data over three decades to documents patterns of second-generation neighborhood attainment. Compared to US blacks, the second generation has achieved significant contextual mobility both over time and across generations. Specifically, the second generation in this New York sample lived in better neighborhoods in young adulthood compared to birth neighborhood where their parents once lived. Most groups moved away from the most disadvantaged areas, with the exception of Dominicans. While the second generation has yet to achieve neighborhood parity with US whites, they have already surpassed US blacks in neighborhood attainment. Second-generation contextual mobility is thus an important, but missing, piece in established accounts of neighborhood mobility in the United States.

Transnational Twist: Pecuniary Remittances and the Socioeconomic Integration of Authorized and Unauthorized Mexican Immigrants in Los Angeles County

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico A. Marcelli ◽  
B. Lindsay Lowell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Los Angeles County ◽  
Mexican Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Context ◽  
Immigrant Integration ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Community Context ◽  
The Impact

Annual U.S.-Mexico pecuniary remittances are estimated to have more than doubled recently to at least $10 billion – augmenting interest among policymakers, financial institutions, and transnational migrant communities concerning how relatively poor expatriate Mexicans sustain such large transfers and the impact on immigrant integration in the United States. We employ the 2001 Los Angeles County Mexican Immigrant Residency Status Survey (LAC-MIRSS) to investigate how individual characteristics and social capital traditionally associated with integration, neighborhood context, and various investments in the United States influenced remitting in 2000. Remitting is estimated to have been inversely related to conventional integration metrics and influenced by community context in both sending and receiving areas. Contrary to straight-line assimilation theories and more consistent with a transnational or nonlinear perspective, however, remittances are also estimated to have been positively related to immigrant homeownership in Los Angeles County and negatively associated with having had public health insurance such as Medicaid.

A Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Verneshia (Necia) Boone
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Charter School ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Special Interest Groups ◽  
Technology Centers ◽  
Midwest Region ◽  
School Failures ◽  
Harsh Criticism

Since the inception of charter school programs, the U.S. Department of Education (DOE) has invested more than $3 billion while political leaders and special interest groups continue to express concerns about public charter school providers lacking accountability and delivering poor quality education for our disadvantaged students (2015). In recent years, the DOE continue to offer guidance, revise policies, and federal resources concerning the oversight of public charter schools; however, the harsh criticism surrounding charter school failures across the United States has not diminished (2015). The essence of this journal paper is to present a case study about the female owner's lawsuits and challenges while operating Triumph Management Company and its Duke, Duchess Technology Centers that are located in Midwest Region of the United States.. The author will provide a historical overview and discuss the management structure, leadership styles and other related topics. Discussion questions appear at the end of article.

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