Assessing the impact of deportable status on sentencing outcomes in a sample of state prisoners

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin A. Orrick ◽  
Kiersten Compofelice ◽  
Alex R. Piquero
Keyword(s):  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

Timing is everything: The role of contextual and terrorism-specific factors in the sentencing outcomes of terrorist offenders

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Amirault ◽  
Martin Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Temporal Effect ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

The punishment of terrorist offenders remains a relatively unexplored topic. Research is especially needed in the United Kingdom in light of the continued criminalization of terrorism-specific offences and the July 2005 bombings. Using a sample of terrorist offenders convicted in the United Kingdom ( n = 156), the current study examines the impact of legislative and incident-based contextual factors on sentencing outcomes. The findings indicate that changing contextual environments significantly affect sentencing outcomes, and that the effects of being adjudicated at different time points have unique implications for offenders motivated by an Islamic extremist ideology. Further, evidence of a temporal effect is uncovered, and the potential of a lingering 9/11 effect is addressed.

Assessing the Impact of the Women's Movement on Sex-Based Differences in the Handling of Adult Criminal Defendants

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell J. Steffensmeier
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Women's Movement ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Perceived Danger ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes ◽  
Female Defendants

The purpose of this report is to evaluate the argument that, with changes in sex roles and the contemporary women's movement, sex differences in the handling of criminal defendants are diminishing. After a review of the empirical evidence, five factors are suggested as helping to account for the apparently consistent finding of preferential treatment (though of small magnitude) of female defendants across most offense categories. These five factors are chivalry, naiveté, practicality, defendants' perceived future criminality, and the perceived danger associated with defendants. The diminution of sex differences in sentencing outcomes must be a result of changes in sentencing practices. In examining the selected factors in the context of sentencing practices, it is argued that (1) the evidence does not show chivalry to be an important determinant of sentencing decisions; rather, the factors of perceived danger and future criminality appear more significant; (2) even if chivalry were a significant determinant, the evidence suggests that court officials remain as chivalrous as ever; and (3) Supreme Court decisions, increasing professionalism of court officials, and bureaucratization of the courts may have reduced sentencing disparities by sex, as they appear to have done with respect to race and social class. It is concluded that changing sex role definitions and the contemporary women's movement have had little impact on sentencing outcomes of either male or female defendants.

Sentencing Females Convicted of Sex Offenses: Examining Measures of Perceived Dangerousness and the Decision to Incarcerate

2021 ◽  
pp. 009385482110327
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Gibbs ◽  
Tusty Ten Bensel
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Sex Offenses ◽  
Southern State ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Sex Offense ◽  
Perceived Dangerousness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Characteristics ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

From media attention to legislative actions, individuals convicted of sex offenses are often perceived as dangerous and a threat to society. Previous research, however, has demonstrated that perceived dangerousness is gender-specific, often minimizing culpability for women convicted of sex offenses. Consequently, previous research on sentencing outcomes of these individuals have largely been male-only samples, leaving a gap in the literature as it pertains to females convicted of sex offenses. The current study sought to fill this gap by examining the impact that those convicted, victims, and offense characteristics had on sentencing outcomes for women convicted of sex offenses. We analyzed a sample of 262 females convicted of a sex offense in a Southern state. The results demonstrated that official case characteristics, along with victim characteristics, play an influential role in the judicial decision to impose an incarceration sentence.

Gauging detention dosage: Assessing the impact of pretrial detention on sentencing outcomes using propensity score modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 101719
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Campbell ◽  
Ryan M. Labrecque ◽  
Michael Weinerman ◽  
Ken Sanchagrin
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Pretrial Detention ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

scholarly journals The Reasonable Person for Our Time for Reasonableness in a Heterogeneous Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Ceilia Divakaran
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Social Deprivation ◽  
Reasonable Person ◽  
High Court ◽  
Legal Precedent ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

The cases of Bugmy and Munda decided by the High Court in 2013 raised the impact of social deprivation on Aboriginal defendants, in that it mars the development of an individual exposed to alcohol and alcohol-fuelled violence, and that full weight must be given to this in sentencing considerations. This significant legal precedent, in the backdrop of Aboriginal over-representation in the criminal justice system, invites the question of the relevance of the characterisation of the reasonable man in the law of provocation and delivery of equal justice, in a culturally heterogeneous society such as Australia. The case for constructing a contemporary reasonable man, clothed in Aboriginal identity, for equitable sentencing outcomes for Aboriginal defendants is explored.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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