Effects of olfactory ability and experience on male intrasexual aggression in mice (Mus domesticusRutty)

Abstract. Two studies tested the hypothesis that self-reported sense of smell (i.e., metacognitive insight into one’s olfactory ability) predicts disgust sensitivity and disgust reactivity. Consistent with our predictions two studies demonstrated that disgust correlates with self-reported sense of smell. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrated, from an individual difference perspective, that trait-like differences in disgust relate to self-reported sense of smell. Physical forms of disgust (i.e., sexual and pathogen disgust) drove this association. However, the association between self-reported sense of smell and disgust sensitivity is small, suggesting that it is likely not a good proxy for disgust sensitivity. The results of Study 2 extended this finding by demonstrating that individual differences in self-reported sense of smell influence how individuals react to a disgusting olfactory stimulus. Those who reported having a better sense of smell (or better insight into their olfactory ability) found a disgusting smell significantly more noxious as compared to participants reporting having a poor sense of smell (or poor insight into their olfactory ability). The current findings suggest that a one-item measure of self-reported sense of smell may be an effective tool in disgust research.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Fighting cichlids: Dynamic of intrasexual aggression in dyadic agonistic encounters.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.736760611.793566204 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ingo Schlupp

Keyword(s):

Intrasexual Aggression ◽

Agonistic Encounters

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Serum C-Reactive Protein Is Negatively Associated With Olfactory Identification Ability in Older Adults

i-Perception ◽

10.1177/20416695211009928 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 204166952110099

Author(s):

Ingrid Ekström ◽

Davide Liborio Vetrano ◽

Goran Papenberg ◽

Erika J. Laukka

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Population Based ◽

Rate Of Change ◽

Odor Identification ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Olfactory Identification ◽

Olfactory Ability ◽

Serum Crp

Importance Olfactory deficits are common in aging and associated with several conditions linked to inflammation. A few studies suggest that increased concentration of pro-inflammatory biomarkers may be related to olfactory deficits, but these associations are understudied in population-based samples. Objective To investigate the association between serum concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) and olfactory identification level as well as rate of change in aging. Methods We included 1,721 participants (mean age 70.5 years; 61.9% female) with at least two olfactory assessments across the 12-year follow-up. Baseline level and change in odor identification were estimated with linear mixed models as a function of CRP levels, derived from blood plasma at baseline. Results Results indicated a negative dose–response association between CRP level and odor identification scores at baseline, after adjustment for demographic, cognitive, health, and lifestyle factors. CRP levels ranging between 11 and 20 mg/L were significantly related to lower olfactory ability (β = −0.811, 95% confidence interval [CI] [−1.503 to −0.118]; p = .022). Likewise, CRP values above 20 mg/L were related to lower olfactory scores, an association that approached statistical significance (β = −0.996, 95% CI [−2.045 to 0.054]; p = .063). We found no associations between CRP and olfactory change ( ps > .368). Sensitivity analyses showed that associations between CRP and olfaction were confined to younger participants (age ≤72 years) and men ( ps < .034). Conclusions Our findings suggest a negative association between serum CRP levels and olfactory identification ability in aging that may be dependent on age and sex.

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Angry caciques: intrasexual aggression in a Neotropical colonial blackbird

Ethology Ecology & Evolution ◽

10.1080/03949370.2018.1544593 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 205-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pedro Diniz ◽

Rayane S. Oliveira ◽

Miguel Â. Marini ◽

Charles Duca

Keyword(s):

Intrasexual Aggression

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Deteksi Formalin Pada Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Dengan Teknologi Hidung Elektronik (Electronic Nose)

Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian ◽

10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.10935 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 359-366

Author(s):

Irfan Maibriadi ◽

Ratna Ratna ◽

Agus Arip Munawar

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Electronic Nose ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽

Olfactory Ability ◽

Pca Method ◽

The Difference ◽

Electronic Nose Technology

Abstrak, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi kandungan dan kadar formalin pada buah tomat dengan menggunakan instrument berbasis teknologi Electronic nose. Penelitian ini menggunakan buah tomat yang telah direndam dengan formalin dengan kadar 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, dan buah tomat tanpa perendaman dengan formalin (0%). Jumlah sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 18 sampel. Pengukuran spektrum beras menggunakan sensor Piezoelectric Tranducer. Klasifikasi data spektrum buah tomat menggunakan metode Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dengan pretreatment nya adalah Gap Reduction. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh yaitu: Hidung elektronik mulai merespon aroma formalin pada buah tomat pada detik ke-8.14, dan dapat mengklasifikasikan kandungan dan kadar formalin pada buah tomat pada detik ke 25.77. Hidung elektronik yang dikombinasikan dengan metode principal component analysis (PCA) telah berhasil mendeteksikandungan dan kadar formalin pada buah tomat dengan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 99% (PC-1 sebesar 93% dan PC-2 sebesar 6%). Perbedaan kadar formalin menjadi faktor utama yang menyebabkan Elektronik nose mampu membedakan sampel buah tomat yang diuji, karena semakin tinggi kadar formalin pada buah tomat maka aroma khas dari buah tomat pun semakin menghilang, sehingga Electronic nose yang berbasis kemampuan penciuman dapat membedakannya.Detect Formaldehyde on Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) With Electronic Nose TechnologyAbstract, The purpose of this study is to detect the contents and levels of formalin in tomatoes by using instruments based on Electronic nose technology. This study used tomatoes that have been soaked in formalin with a concentration of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and tomatoes without soaking with formalin (0%). The samples in this study were 18 samples. The measurements of the intensity on tomatoes aroma were using Piezoelectric Transducer sensors. The classification of tomato spectrum data was using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method with Gap Reduction pretreatment. The results of this study were obtained: the Electronic nose began to respond the smell of formalin on tomatoes at 8.14 seconds, and it could classify the content and formalin levels in tomatoes at 25.77 seconds. Electronic nose combined with the principal component analysis (PCA) method have successfully detected the content and levels of formalin in tomatoes with a success rate at 99% (PC-1 of 93% and PC-2 of 6%). The difference of grade formalin levels is the main factor that causes Electronic nose to be able to distinguish the tomato samples tested, because the higher of formalin content in tomatoes, the distinctive of tomatoes aroma is increasingly disappearing. Thereby, the Electronic nose based on the olfactory ability can distinguish them.

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Olfactory perception in women with physiologically altered hormonal status (during pregnancy and postmenopause)

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns0210380s ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 55 (9-10) ◽

pp. 380-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Slobodan Savovic ◽

Dejan Nincic ◽

Slobodanka Lemajic ◽

Vladimir Pilija ◽

Aljosa Mandic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Endocrine System ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

First Trimester ◽

Olfactory Function ◽

Hormonal Status ◽

Emotional States ◽

Olfactory Ability ◽

Novi Sad ◽

In Pregnancy

Introduction Olfaction is considered to be the ability to: perceive, conduct and recognize scents and odors. With its numerous connections to the limbic system and reticular formation, the olfactory system affects regulation of numerous vegetative functions, visceral functions and sexual behavior. Since estrogen and progesterone protect the olfactory function, changes in their levels in particular physiological states in women (in pregnancy and postmenopause) exert an influence on the ability to feel and recognize smells. It has its role in creating emotions and adjustment of visceral and vegetative response to particular emotional states. Also, it represents the connection between higher cortical functions and the endocrine system. Material and methods Our investigation was performed at the Ear, Nose and Throat Clinic in Novi Sad. The research included 80 healthy women classified into 4 groups; 20 women aged between 20 and 30; 20 women in the first trimester of pregnancy aged between 20 and 30; 20 premenopausal women aged between 41 and 50; and 20 women at least 3 years in postmenopause, aged between 41 and 50. For our research we used an olfactometer and the Fortunato-Niccolini method. Results and discussion In pregnancy the thresholds of perception (TP) and identification (TI) of examined substances were slightly lower in comparison to nonpregnant women of the same ages, but without any statistical significance (p>0.05). In climacteric-postmenopausal women there was a significant decrease of olfactory ability in comparison to nonmenopausal women of the same ages (p<0.01). Conclusion All changes of the olfactory function in pregnancy are explained by mental changes of pregnant women as well as their hormonal status. Significant decrease of olfactory ability in postmenopause is explained by decline in sexual hormone levels.

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Fitness benefits to intrasexual aggression in female house wrens, Troglodytes aedon

Animal Behaviour ◽

10.1016/j.anbehav.2019.12.001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 160 ◽

pp. 79-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Cara A. Krieg ◽

Thomas Getty

Keyword(s):

Troglodytes Aedon ◽

House Wrens ◽

Intrasexual Aggression ◽

Fitness Benefits

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More Than Smell—COVID-19 Is Associated With Severe Impairment of Smell, Taste, and Chemesthesis

Chemical Senses ◽

10.1093/chemse/bjaa041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (7) ◽

pp. 609-622 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Valentina Parma ◽

Kathrin Ohla ◽

Maria G Veldhuizen ◽

Masha Y Niv ◽

Christine E Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nasal Obstruction ◽

Clinical Assessment ◽

Quantitative Measurements ◽

Severe Impairment ◽

Olfactory Ability ◽

Sensory Neural ◽

Initial Results ◽

Smell Loss ◽

Qualitative Changes

Abstract Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments, such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, and generally lacked quantitative measurements. Here, we report the development, implementation, and initial results of a multilingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in 3 distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, and 8 others, aged 19–79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste, and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± standard deviation), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and the lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus strain 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.

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