Initial Category Cues and Recognition Memory Foils for the Cognistat Verbal Memory Alternate Word List

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-163
Author(s):  
Sara B. Brzezinski ◽  
H. Edward Fouty ◽  
Melissa J. Rennells ◽  
Melissa S. Gatto ◽  
Cristi L. Kamps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Word List ◽  
Initial Category

scholarly journals Using fMRI connectivity to define a treatment-resistant form of post-traumatic stress disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (486) ◽  
pp. eaal3236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Etkin ◽  
Adi Maron-Katz ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Gregory A. Fonzo ◽  
Julia Huemer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Word List ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Post Traumatic

A mechanistic understanding of the pathology of psychiatric disorders has been hampered by extensive heterogeneity in biology, symptoms, and behavior within diagnostic categories that are defined subjectively. We investigated whether leveraging individual differences in information-processing impairments in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) could reveal phenotypes within the disorder. We found that a subgroup of patients with PTSD from two independent cohorts displayed both aberrant functional connectivity within the ventral attention network (VAN) as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) neuroimaging and impaired verbal memory on a word list learning task. This combined phenotype was not associated with differences in symptoms or comorbidities, but nonetheless could be used to predict a poor response to psychotherapy, the best-validated treatment for PTSD. Using concurrent focal noninvasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography, we then identified alterations in neural signal flow in the VAN that were evoked by direct stimulation of that network. These alterations were associated with individual differences in functional fMRI connectivity within the VAN. Our findings define specific neurobiological mechanisms in a subgroup of patients with PTSD that could contribute to the poor response to psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Verbal memory functioning in adolescents and young adults with costello syndrome: Evidence for relative preservation in recognition memory

2013 ◽  
Vol 161 (9) ◽  
pp. 2258-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Schwartz ◽  
Jennifer M. Katzenstein ◽  
Elisabeth Hopkins ◽  
Deborah L. Stabley ◽  
Katia Sol-Church ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Costello Syndrome ◽  
Memory Functioning

scholarly journals The Potential of Invasive and Non-Invasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation To Improve Verbal Memory Performance in Epilepsy Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Mertens ◽  
Stefanie Gadeyne ◽  
Emma Lescrauwaet ◽  
Evelien Carrette ◽  
Alfred Meurs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Delayed Recognition

Abstract Introduction: It has been demonstrated that acute vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) improves word recognition memory in epilepsy patients. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has gained interest as a non-invasive alternative to improve cognition. In this prospective randomized cross-over study, we investigated the effect of both invasive VNS and taVNS on verbal memory performance in 15 drug-resistant epilepsy patients. Methods All patients conducted a word recognition memory paradigm in 3 conditions: VNS ON, VNS OFF and taVNS. For each condition, patients memorized 21 highlighted words from text paragraphs. Afterwards, the intervention was delivered for 30 s. Immediate recall and delayed recognition scores were obtained for each condition. This memory paradigm was repeated after 6 weeks of VNS therapy in 2 conditions: VNS ON and VNS OFF. Results Acute VNS and taVNS did not improve verbal memory performance. Immediate recall and delayed recognition scores were significantly improved after 6 weeks of VNS treatment irrespective of the acute intervention. Conclusion The previously described positive effects of invasive VNS on verbal memory performance could not be replicated with invasive VNS and taVNS. An improved verbal memory performance was seen after 6 weeks of VNS treatment, suggesting that longer and more repetitive stimulation of the vagal pathway is required to modulate verbal memory performance.

EXPRESS: Remembering spatial words: Sensorimotor simulation affects verbal recognition memory

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110590
Author(s):  
Alper Kumcu ◽  
Robin L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Probe Word ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Visual Cue ◽  
Verbal Recognition ◽  
Spatial Associations ◽  
Spatial Interference

Previous evidence shows that words with implicit spatial meaning or metaphorical spatial associations are perceptually simulated and can guide attention to associated locations (e.g., bird – upward location). In turn, simulated representations interfere with visual perception at an associated location. The present study investigates the effect of spatial associations on short-term verbal recognition memory to disambiguate between modal and amodal accounts of spatial interference effects across two experiments. Participants in both experiments encoded words presented in congruent and incongruent locations. Congruent and incongruent locations were based on an independent norming task. In Experiment 1, an auditorily presented word probed participants’ memory as they were visually cued to either the original location of the probe word or a diagonal location at retrieval. In Experiment 2, there was no cue at retrieval but a neutral encoding condition in which words normed to central locations were shown. Results show that spatial associations affected memory performance although spatial information was neither relevant nor necessary for successful retrieval: Words in Experiment 1 were retrieved more accurately when there was a visual cue in the congruent location at retrieval but only if they were encoded in a non-canonical position. A visual cue in the congruent location slowed down memory performance when retrieving highly imageable words. With no cue at retrieval (Experiment 2), participants were better at remembering spatially congruent words as opposed to neutral words. Results provide evidence in support of sensorimotor simulation in verbal memory and a perceptual competition account of spatial interference effect.

scholarly journals Mayo Normative Studies: Regression-Based Normative Data for the Auditory Verbal Learning Test for Ages 30–91 Years and the Importance of Adjusting for Sex

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Nikki H. Stricker ◽  
Teresa J. Christianson ◽  
Emily S. Lundt ◽  
Eva C. Alden ◽  
Mary M. Machulda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Word List ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Auditory Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Test ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Objective: Rey’s Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) is a widely used word list memory test. We update normative data to include adjustment for verbal memory performance differences between men and women and illustrate the effect of this sex adjustment and the importance of excluding participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from normative samples. Method: This study advances the Mayo’s Older Americans Normative Studies (MOANS) by using a new population-based sample through the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging, which randomly samples residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, from age- and sex-stratified groups. Regression-based normative T-score formulas were derived from 4428 cognitively unimpaired adults aged 30–91 years. Fully adjusted T-scores correct for age, sex, and education. We also derived T-scores that correct for (1) age or (2) age and sex. Test-retest reliability data are provided. Results: From raw score analyses, sex explained a significant amount of variance in performance above and beyond age (8–10%). Applying original age-adjusted MOANS norms to the current sample resulted in significantly fewer-than-expected participants with low delayed recall performance, particularly in women. After application of new T-scores adjusted only for age, even in normative data derived from this sample, these age-adjusted T-scores showed scores <40 T occurred more frequently among men and less frequently among women relative to T-scores that also adjusted for sex. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the importance of using normative data that adjust for sex with measures of verbal memory and provide new normative data that allow for this adjustment for the AVLT.

scholarly journals Development and Clinical Relevance of a Summary Score for the SCAT-5

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 794-794
Author(s):  
A DaCosta ◽  
A Roccaforte ◽  
F Webbe
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Collegiate Athletes ◽  
Word List ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Global Functioning

Abstract Purpose Early versions of the Sports Concussion Assessment Tool utilized a summary score, but it was removed in the third edition due to lack of empirical support (Guskiewicz et al., 2013). Echemendia et al. (2017) note that the SCAT-5’s changes, such as an expansion from a 5-word to 10-word list, improved utility over previous additions. Therefore, empirical support for a summary score on the SCAT-5 should be reassessed. Methods Collegiate athletes (N=532, 64% male) completed the SCAT-5 and ImPACT during their baseline evaluation. Various SCAT-5 summary score formulas were created to determine a concurrently valid summary score that remained comprehensive of all three SCAT-5 domains (cognitive, symptom, vestibular). The summary score was calculated by: [Immediate Memory Total + Delayed Recall + Orientation + Concentration + (30 – BESS Total Errors) - Total Symptom Score]. Results Pearson correlations determined that the summary score was significantly correlated with ImPACT Verbal Memory (r=.27, p<.001), Visual Memory (r=.24, p<.001), Visual-Motor Speed (r=.30, p<.001), Reaction Time (r=-.25, p<.001) and Total Symptoms (r=-.18, p<.001). Conclusion Our results support the validity of a SCAT-5 summary score. Clinically, the summary score is intended to measure changes in global functioning across baseline, post-trauma and follow-up concussion evaluation. Additionally, it should serve as a measure of global progression during the acute post-trauma window of sideline to post-trauma evaluation. Future research should examine the SCAT-5 summary score with outcome measures such as recovery time.

Abstract TMP120: Race and Sex Differences in the Trajectory of Cognitive Decline After Incident Stroke

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A Levine ◽  
Andrzej T Galecki ◽  
Kenneth M Langa ◽  
Frederick W Unverzagt ◽  
Mohammed U Kabeto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
White Women ◽  
Word List ◽  
Function Word ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Global Cognition

Background and Objectives: Race and sex differences in the trajectory of survivors’ cognitive changes after stroke are uncertain. We measured changes in cognitive function associated with incident stroke and variability by race (black vs white) and sex, controlling for prestroke cognitive trajectories. Methods: Prospective study of 654 survivors of incident stroke and 22,969 stroke-free participants aged ≥45 years without baseline cognitive impairment from the REGARDS cohort enrolled 2003-2007 and followed through September 30, 2014. Median follow-up was 7.3 years. Changes in global cognition (Six-Item Screener [SIS]; range, 0-6; primary outcome), new learning, verbal memory, and executive function (Word-List Learning, Word-List Delayed Recall, and Animal Fluency Test) were measured using a regression discontinuity analytic approach, where the acute effect of stroke was estimated as the difference in the expected cognitive level on the day of the stroke from the modeled trajectory of cognitive functioning before the stroke and the trajectory of cognitive functioning after the stroke. These trajectories of post-baseline cognitive function were estimated after adjustment for calendar time and baseline values of socio-demographics, vascular risk factors, clinical factors, baseline cognitive score, and random effects for intercept and slope. Results: After stroke, acute declines in global cognition were greater in men compared with women (P=0.003) and also greater in blacks compared with whites (P=0.03) (Figure). Adjusted declines in SIS scores were 0.22 points (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.31) in black men, 0.13 points (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.20) in white men, 0.10 points (95% CI, 0.02 to 0.18) in black women, and 0.01 points (95% CI, -0.06 to 0.09) in white women. Secondary cognitive assessments did not differ significantly by race or sex. Conclusion: The acute declines in global cognition after stroke are greater in men compared with women and in blacks compared with whites.

scholarly journals Cognitive Performance among Cognitively Healthy Adults Aged 30–100 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minna Alenius ◽  
Sanna Koskinen ◽  
Ilona Hallikainen ◽  
Tiia Ngandu ◽  
Jari Lipsanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Word List ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
And Gender

Background/Aims: To detect cognitive decline in older adults, measures of verbal fluency and verbal memory are widely used. Less is known about performance in these measures in younger persons or according to education level and gender. We investigated cognitive performance according to age, education and gender among cognitively healthy adults aged 30–100 years. Methods: The study population comprised 4,174 cognitively healthy persons participating in the nationally representative Finnish Health 2011 survey. Cognitive assessment included verbal fluency, word list memory, word list recall and word list savings from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological battery. Results: Total variance in the cognitive test performance explained by age, education and gender varied from 12.3 to 31.2%. A decreasing trend in cognitive performance existed in all subtests by advancing age, with differences appearing between 50 and 55 years. Persons with the highest-education level performed best for all measures. For the participants < 55 years, education explained part of the variance, while age and gender did not. Conclusions: When assessing cognition, age and education should be accounted for in more detail in research and clinical practice. Additionally, the cohort effect and its potential impact on the renewal cycle of future normative values for cognitive tests should be considered.

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