Long-term effects of total-body irradiation on the kidney of Rhesus monkeys

Background: Localized and total body irradiation are used to treat certain cancers and also used prior to the transplantation of stem cells or organs. However, the use of radiation also induces collateral damage to the cells of healthy tissue. Although the acute damage of radiation to oocytes is well known, the long-term effects induced by radiation to stromal cells and their relationship with age are still unclear. Methods: A total of 206 two-month-old female mice were whole-body exposed to gamma rays at doses of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 Gy, respectively. The mice were sacrificed at 3.5, 9, 12, or 18 months of age and pathological changes including cysts and tumors were assessed in the ovary and other organs. Results: The overall incidence of visible pathological changes of mice receiving irradiation was 33.7% in the ovary, but much lower in the liver, spleen, lung, thymus, and skin. Among these, the ovarian cyst formation rate was 24.7%, and tumor lesions were 10.2%, respectively, compared to 5% cyst formation and no tumor lesions among control, unirradiated mice. Statistical analysis showed that cyst formation was age, but not dose-dependent, whereas the formation of tumor lesions was dependent on both age and radiation dose. Pathology analysis indicated that most ovarian cysts originated from follicles and both tumor lesions analyzed originated from granulosa cells.

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Effects of total-body irradiation on growth, thyroid and pituitary gland in rhesus monkeys

Radiotherapy and Oncology ◽

10.1016/s0167-8140(99)00059-6 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 187-192 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Boudewijn Bakker ◽

Guy G Massa ◽

Ariadne M van Rijn ◽

Amir Mearadji ◽

Hetty J van der Kamp ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pituitary Gland ◽

Total Body Irradiation ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Total Body

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Cataracts after bone marrow transplantation: Long-term follow-up of adults treated with fractionated total body irradiation

International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics ◽

10.1016/0360-3016(94)00392-x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 661-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Mark C. Benyunes ◽

Keith M. Sullivan ◽

H. Joachim Deeg ◽

Motomi Mori ◽

Wally Meyer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽

Total Body Irradiation ◽

Marrow Transplantation ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Total Body

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The Burden of Survivorship on Hematological Patients—Long-Term Analysis of Toxicities after Total Body Irradiation and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13225640 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (22) ◽

pp. 5640

Author(s):

Michael Oertel ◽

Jonas Martel ◽

Jan-Henrik Mikesch ◽

Sergiu Scobioala ◽

Christian Reicherts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Side Effects ◽

Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Cell Transplantation ◽

Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽

Total Body Irradiation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Total Body

Total body irradiation is an effective conditioning modality before autologous or allogeneic stem cell transplantation. With the whole body being the radiation target volume, a diverse spectrum of toxicities has been reported. This fact prompted us to investigate the long-term sequelae of this treatment concept in a large patient cohort. Overall, 322 patients with acute leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome with a minimum follow-up of one year were included (the median follow-up in this study was 68 months). Pulmonary, cardiac, ocular, neurological and renal toxicities were observed in 23.9%, 14.0%, 23.6%, 23.9% and 20.2% of all patients, respectively. The majority of these side effects were grades 1 and 2 (64.9–89.2% of all toxicities in the respective categories). The use of 12 Gray total body irradiation resulted in a significant increase in ocular toxicities (p = 0.013) and severe mucositis (p < 0.001). Renal toxicities were influenced by the age at transplantation (relative risk: 1.06, p < 0.001) and disease entity. In summary, total body irradiation triggers a multifaceted, but manageable, toxicity profile. Except for ocular toxicities and mucositis, a 12 Gray regimen did not lead to an increase in long-term side effects.

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Effects of 5-Ion Beam Irradiation and Hindlimb Unloading on Metabolic Pathways in Plasma and Brain of Behaviorally Tested WAG/Rij Rats

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.746509 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Raber ◽

Sarah Holden ◽

Reetesh Sudhakar ◽

Reed Hall ◽

Breanna Glaeser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Body Irradiation ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Cognitive Testing ◽

Hindlimb Unloading ◽

Ion Beam Irradiation ◽

Behavioral Measures ◽

Mixed Beam ◽

Total Body

A limitation of simulated space radiation studies is that radiation exposure is not the only environmental challenge astronauts face during missions. Therefore, we characterized behavioral and cognitive performance of male WAG/Rij rats 3 months after sham-irradiation or total body irradiation with a simplified 5-ion mixed beam exposure in the absence or presence of simulated weightlessness using hindlimb unloading (HU) alone. Six months following behavioral and cognitive testing or 9 months following sham-irradiation or total body irradiation, plasma and brain tissues (hippocampus and cortex) were processed to determine whether the behavioral and cognitive effects were associated with long-term alterations in metabolic pathways in plasma and brain. Sham HU, but not irradiated HU, rats were impaired in spatial habituation learning. Rats irradiated with 1.5 Gy showed increased depressive-like behaviors. This was seen in the absence but not presence of HU. Thus, HU has differential effects in sham-irradiated and irradiated animals and specific behavioral measures are associated with plasma levels of distinct metabolites 6 months later. The combined effects of HU and radiation on metabolic pathways in plasma and brain illustrate the complex interaction of environmental stressors and highlights the importance of assessing these interactions.

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