Obstacles to the ‘cleanliness of our race’: HIV, reproductive risk, stratified reproduction, and population quality in Hanoi, Vietnam

Feminist Global Health Security highlights the ways in which women are disadvantaged by global health security policy, through engagement with feminist concepts of visibility; social and stratified reproduction; intersectionality; and structural violence. The book argues that an approach focused on short-term response efforts to health emergencies fails to consider the differential impacts of outbreaks on women. This feminist critique focuses on the policy response to the Zika outbreak, which centred on limiting the spread of the vector through civic participation and asking women to defer pregnancy, actions that are inherently gendered and reveal a distinct lack of consideration of the everyday lives of women. The book argues that because global health security lacks a substantive feminist engagement, policies created to manage an outbreak of disease focus on protecting economies and state security and disproportionately fail to protect women. This state-based structure of global health security provides the fault-line for global health security and women. Women are both differentially infected and affected by epidemics and, the book argues: it was no coincidence that poor, black women living in low quality housing were most affected by the Zika outbreak. More broadly, it poses the question: What would global health policy look like if it were to take gender seriously, and how would this impact global disease control sustainability?

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P–548 High-risk genetic matching on gamete donors: complete genes analysis or genotyping test?

Human Reproduction ◽

10.1093/humrep/deab130.547 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Molin. Romero ◽

A Yoldi ◽

M Gañán ◽

P Navas ◽

J L De. Pico ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Ethnic Origin ◽

Carrier Screening ◽

Reproductive Risk ◽

Pathogenic Variants ◽

Genetic Matching ◽

Registration Number ◽

Oocyte Donors ◽

Legislative Measures

Abstract Study question What carrier screening test is better to reduce the risk of offspring being affected by recessive diseases when genetic matching is performed with gamete donors: complete or targeted genes analysis? Summary answer The use of complete genes analysis in the carrier screening of gamete donors reduces the risk of offspring being affected by recessive diseases. What is known already Legislative measures and scientific societies alike call for more research to be conducted into recessive diseases in gamete donors, in order to reduce reproductive risk. However, it is still unclear which genes should be studied and what type of data analysis, targeted or nontargeted, should be performed. Study design, size, duration This descriptive observational study of 923 oocyte donors and 895 semen donors was conducted from January 2017 to August 2020, at a private gamete bank. Participants/materials, setting, methods 1818 gamete donors screened by NGS and nontargeted analysis of the variants, the pathogenic variants detected were analysed to estimate the probability of high-risk genetic matching and to determine the results that would have been obtained if the three most commonly used genotyping tests for carriers of recessive diseases in ART had been applied. Main results and the role of chance The probability of high-risk genetic matching with gamete donation, screened by NGS and complete genes analysis, was 5.48%, versus the 0.57–2.8% that would have been obtained if the genotyping test had been applied. Of the 1739 total variants found, only 28.69% would have been detected by all three targeted tests considered and 45.66% of the variants would not have been detected by any of them. Limitations, reasons for caution The study was not based in the general population, was limited to a population of Mediterranean ethnic origin. In addition, our study only analysed 302 recessive diseases of the 1,300 plus that have been described. Wider implications of the findings: Our study highlights the considerable heterogeneity of the genotyping tests commonly used in ART, which present significant differences in their ability to detect pathogenic variants. Therefore, the use of genotyping tests for genetic matching is associated with a higher reproductive risk, compared to the use of complete genes analysis. Trial registration number Not applicable

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Reproductive risk factors and breast cancer: a case control study from rural India

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v14i3.21865 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 258-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vaishali R Mohite ◽

Asha K Pratinidhi ◽

Rajsinh Vishwasrao Mohite

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Hormonal Contraceptives ◽

Reproductive Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Reproductive Risk Factors ◽

Post Menopausal ◽

Strength Of Association

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women and is influenced by reproductive factors perceived by women worldwide.Aims: To identify the reproductive risk factors of breast cancer in newly diagnosed cases and to find out the strength of association of the risk factors with the breast cancer. Material and Methods: A hospital based case-control study was conducted in Satara district, India during year 2009 to 2011 among newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and matched controls. A total of 434 participants including 217 cases and 217 controls were enrolled by purposive sampling technique from selected hospitals of study area. The information was collected by employing pre-tested questionnaire by utilizing interview method. Statistical Analysis used: Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio and Chi-square test was used to find out strength of association and statistical significant difference. Results: Highest proportion [31.80%] breast cancer cases was in age group 40-49 years with lowest age of 25 years at diagnosis of the disease. A very high proportion of both cases [88.02%] and controls [67.28%] were Hindu by religion and were from rural residence. Maximum proportion of breast cancer cases were housewives [63.59%], literate [71.42%] and from upper economic class [56.68%]. The proportions of cases were higher as compared to the controls with respect to risk factors like unmarried status, nulliparity, history of abortion, post menopausal status, absence of breast feeding and the history of exposure to hormonal contraceptives. The risk of getting breast cancer as indicated by Odds ratio was 8 times higher in unmarried women, 2.8 times in nulliparous women, 2.4 times with post menopausal status, 10.4 times with absence of breast feeding, 1.5 times with exposure to hormonal contraceptives and 4.5 times with history of ovarian disease respectively. Conclusion: The reproductive risk factors such as unmarried status of women, nulliparity, menopause, absence of breast feeding, history of ovarian disease and use of contraceptives were strongly associated with breast cancer.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.14(3) 2015 p.258-264

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