Green alga-mediated treatment process for removal of zinc from synthetic solution and industrial effluent

The advanced oxidation process (AOP) is used to increase the treatment efficiency of effluents however, it is necessary to compare the toxicity of treated and untreated effluents to evaluate if the decontamination process does not cause any biological harm. Cultured cells have been previously used to assess the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of various compounds. Hence, the aim of this work was to assess the applicability of cytotoxicity assays to evaluate the toxicity related to the AOP treatment. Samples of an industrial effluent were collected after their treatment by a conventional method. Cytotoxicity of standard and AOP treated effluents was assessed in CRIB and HEp-2 cell line using the MTT and neutral red assays. We observed decrease at cell viability in the both assays (50% MTT and 13% NRU) when cells were exposed to the AOP treatment in the highest concentration. Thus, cytotoxic assays in cultured cells can be explored as an useful method to evaluate toxicity as well as to optimize effluents treatment process.

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Selection of Treatment Process for Textile Dye Wastewater Based on Their Bio-chemical Characteristics

Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources ◽

10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22060 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 163-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S Tagar ◽

U Zakira ◽

F Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Settling Tank ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Laboratory Model ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Textile Dye ◽

Applicability Limit ◽

Untreated Wastewater ◽

Volumetric Loading

In Bangladesh most of the industries follow chemical treatment process for wastewater treatment without any effluent quality assessment. The aim of this study was to select an effective treatment process for effluent based on its bio-chemical characteristics. Wastewater samples from Textile Industries were collected in 9 batches over a period of 2 months (from17th November, 2011 to 28th April, 2012). Approximately 40liters composite samples were collected of several dying batches from inlet of the equalization tank. Sludge was collected from outlet point of settling tank. The physical, chemical and bio-chemical quality of untreated wastewater were assessed by analyses of some particular parameters in the laboratory and compared with ECR standard. Average concentration of EC (mS/cm), pH, COD (mg/L), BOD (mg/L) and BOD loading (kg/m3.d) were respectively 3.71, 9.24, 1472, 1024, and 0.205 respectively. For lower BOD loading, the treatment performance was found better..COD decreased rapidly during the first 8 hours of aeration and after 16 hours of aeration it became uniform. During the first 8 hr COD removal was more than 50% of the initial COD loading. The standard value of COD (200mg/l) was obtained within 12 to 16 hours of aeration for the initial BOD loading less than or equal 0.15 kg/m3.day and 24 hours of aeration for initial BOD loading 0.16 to 0.26 kg/m3.day and more than 24 hour for initial BOD loading greater than 0.26 kg/m3.day. The study revealed that volumetric loading is an important parameter for wastewater which to a great extent sets applicability limit of treatment process. From this laboratory model study, treatment process options have been recommended for industrial effluent having different bio-chemical characteristics.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v6i1.22060 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 6(1): 163-166 2013

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Removal of chromium and Iron using mixed adsorbent for synthetic and industrial samples in a continuous column reactor

YMER Digital ◽

10.37896/ymer21.01/08 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 21 (01) ◽

pp. 98-111

Author(s):

Dr. Srinivas Tadepalli ◽

◽

Dr. K.S.R Murthy ◽

Dr. P Suresh Kumar ◽

Dr. Prasanthi Kumari Nunna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metal Ion ◽

Metal Removal ◽

Heavy Metal Removal ◽

Fixed Bed ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Flow Rates ◽

Saturation Time ◽

Bed Height ◽

Synthetic Solution

he results of the experiments showed that bed weight, flow rate, and initial metal ion concentration all play a role in the removal of Cr (III) and Fe (II). The optimized break through curve was obtained at 36cm bed height and 10ml/min for chromium where 97.5 to 100% removal was observed at a saturation time of 500-600 min. With the increase in bed height from 12cm to 36cm, both the breakthrough and saturation times for Cr (III) increased. The break through time at 12cm, 24cm, 36cm and 10ml/min for Cr (III) were 70 min, 105 min, and 35 min respectively. The saturation time for Cr (III) at 12cm, 24cm, 36cm and 10ml/min were 460 min, 490 min, and 500 min respectively. Similarly, the break through time for Fe (II) at 12cm, 24cm, 36cm and 10ml/min were 70 min, 80 min, and 100 min respectively. At 12cm, 24cm, 36cm, and 10ml/min, the saturation time for Fe (III) was 340 minutes, 360 minutes, and 430 minutes, respectively. Overall in the column performance comparison between synthetic solution and industrial effluents for chromium, synthetic solution performance was more superior at fixed volumetric flow rates of 10 ml/min and bed heights ranging from 12 cm to 36 cm But the reverse trend was observed in case of fixed bed heights of 36 cm (150 g) and variation of volumetric flow rates from 10ml/min to 30ml/min which indicates that industrial effluent performance was superior when compared to synthetic solution for heavy metal removal.

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Assessment of a biological nutrient removal process for the remediation of edible oil effluent

10.51415/10321/2890 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Sandile Psychology Mkhize

Keyword(s):

Water Resources ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Industrial Effluent ◽

Edible Oil ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Biological Nutrient Removal ◽

Organic Load ◽

Original Design ◽

Oils And Grease

Eutrophication is a natural process that is greatly aggravated by the action of man in the natural environment. Deterioration of South Africa's natural water resources results directly or indirectly from the discharge of industrial effluent rich in nutrient nitrogen and phosphorus. The South African edible oil refmeries generally discharge poor quality effluent which impacts negatively on the water resources and wastewater treatment installations. The main aim of this study was to assess the capacity of a laboratory scale effluent treatment process that will produce final effluent of acceptable quality with regards to organic load and phosphate concentration prior to its discharge into the municipal sewerage system. The study was conducted in three stages: wastewater characterization, treatability studies, and laboratory scale treatment investigations. After analysing various effluent parameters, treatability studies were conducted using an aerobic-anaerobic sequencing batch reactor with a total hydraulic retention time of 24 hours. The results showed an average of 75 % reduction of COD and more than 90 % removal of fats, oils and grease (FOG). Based on the results of effluent characterisation and treatability studies, a laboratory scale activated sludge effluent treatment process was designed and operated with two bioreactors (aerobic and anaerobic) in series. The system was operated for a period of one-month resulting in 70 % removal of COD and 4% reduction in phosphate (P04-P). After some structural and operational changes from the original design configuration, the system was the operated continuously for the duration of the study period. An optimum COD removal of 75 % and 107 mgll P04-P reduction was achieved during the last operational phase of the system. More than 95 % reduction in fats, oils and grease (FOG) had been achieved in both semi-continuously and continuously operated systems.b.7

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Effect of Iron Limitation on the Ultrastructure of Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100098551 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 410-411

Author(s):

L. P. Hardie ◽

D. L. Balkwill ◽

S. E. Stevens

Keyword(s):

Growth Medium ◽

Green Alga ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Iron Limitation ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Blue Green Alga ◽

Marine Cyanobacterium ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Thin Sectioning ◽

Agmenellum Quadruplicatum

Agmenellum quadruplicatum is a unicellular, non-nitrogen-fixing, marine cyanobacterium (blue-green alga). The ultrastructure of this organism, when grown in the laboratory with all necessary nutrients, has been characterized thoroughly. In contrast, little is known of its ultrastructure in the specific nutrient-limiting conditions typical of its natural habitat. Iron is one of the nutrients likely to limit this organism in such natural environments. It is also of great importance metabolically, being required for both photosynthesis and assimilation of nitrate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects (if any) of iron limitation on the ultrastructure of A. quadruplicatum. It was part of a broader endeavor to elucidate the ultrastructure of cyanobacteria in natural systemsActively growing cells were placed in a growth medium containing 1% of its usual iron. The cultures were then sampled periodically for 10 days and prepared for thin sectioning TEM to assess the effects of iron limitation.

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