Reduced joint reaction and muscle forces with barefoot running

Less attention is paid to joint reactions when optimization tasks are solved aiming to predict individual muscle forces driving a biomechanical model. The reactions are important, however, for joint stability and for prevention from injuries, especially for fast motions and submaximal loading. The purpose of the paper is to investigate the influence of the joint reaction as a criterion in an objective function and to study the possibilities for prediction of antagonistic co-contraction. Planar elbow flexions in the sagittal plane with duration from 0.4 to 2 s are simulated, and muscle forces and elbow joint reaction are calculated solving numerically optimization tasks formulated for models with one (elbow moment equation only) and two (elbow and shoulder moment equations) degrees of freedom (DOF). The objective function is a weighted sum of muscle forces and joint reaction raised to different powers. The following conclusions can be made: (1) if the joint reaction is included in the objective function, antagonistic co-contraction can be predicted even for 1 DOF model; in some situations the use of such objective function can destroy the synergistic muscles' action; (2) the prediction of antagonistic muscles' co-contraction for 2 DOF model depends on the way the biarticular muscles are modeled, and this is valid for both dynamic and quasistatic conditions; if there are no biarticular muscles, antagonistic co-contraction cannot be predicted in one joint using popular objective functions, like minimum of sum of muscle forces or muscle stresses raised to a power.

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Prediction of Antagonistic Muscle Forces Using Inverse Dynamic Optimization During Flexion/Extension of the Knee

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.2798327 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 121 (3) ◽

pp. 316-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

G. Li ◽

K. R. Kaufman ◽

E. Y. S. Chao ◽

H. E. Rubash

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Optimization ◽

Optimization Procedure ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Inverse Dynamic ◽

Optimization Criteria ◽

Flexion Extension ◽

Antagonistic Muscle ◽

Joint Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Joint Reaction

This paper examined the feasibility of using different optimization criteria in inverse dynamic optimization to predict antagonistic muscle forces and joint reaction forces during isokinetic flexion/extension and isometric extension exercises of the knee. Both quadriceps and hamstrings muscle groups were included in this study. The knee joint motion included flexion/extension, varus/valgus, and internal/external rotations. Four linear, nonlinear, and physiological optimization criteria were utilized in the optimization procedure. All optimization criteria adopted in this paper were shown to be able to predict antagonistic muscle contraction during flexion and extension of the knee. The predicted muscle forces were compared in temporal patterns with EMG activities (averaged data measured from five subjects). Joint reaction forces were predicted to be similar using all optimization criteria. In comparison with previous studies, these results suggested that the kinematic information involved in the inverse dynamic optimization plays an important role in prediction of the recruitment of antagonistic muscles rather than the selection of a particular optimization criterion. Therefore, it might be concluded that a properly formulated inverse dynamic optimization procedure should describe the knee joint rotation in three orthogonal planes.

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Conceptual Design of an Active Transtibial Prosthesis Based on Expected Joint and Muscle Forces in a Unilateral Transtibial Amputee: A Modelling Study

Volume 3: Biomedical and Biotechnology Engineering ◽

10.1115/imece2015-51576 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sagar Joshi ◽

Abhishek Gupta

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Design ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Healthy Person ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Transtibial Amputee ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

Joint Forces ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Joint Reaction ◽

Better Than

Most modern active prostheses try to match the torque generated by the biological ankle in order to assist walking. However, due to the absence of a biarticular component like the gastrocnemius muscle, they are unable to provide complete rehabilitation. In this paper, a conceptual design of a prosthesis, having an active biarticular component is proposed; and it is studied if such a design can help in better rehabilitation of amputees. The muscle and joint forces during walking are predicted for three cases using musculoskeletal models: A healthy person, an Amputee wearing an active uniarticular prosthesis, and an Amputee wearing a prosthesis having active uniarticular as well as biarticular components (proposed design). Based on the required muscle forces and generated joint reaction loads, the proposed model performs better than the uniarticular prostheses.

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Quantitative calculations of temporomandibular joint reaction forces—II. The importance of the direction of the jaw muscle forces

Journal of Biomechanics ◽

10.1016/0021-9290(85)90280-5 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 453-461 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Gaylord S Throckmorton

Keyword(s):

Temporomandibular Joint ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Jaw Muscle ◽

Joint Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Joint Reaction ◽

Quantitative Calculations

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Numerical predictions of hip joint and muscle forces during daily activities: A comparison of musculoskeletal models

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine ◽

10.1177/0954411919840524 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 233 (6) ◽

pp. 636-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Basil Mathai ◽

Sanjay Gupta

Keyword(s):

Hip Joint ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Hip Implants ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Musculoskeletal Models ◽

Standing Up ◽

Joint Reaction

Musculoskeletal loading plays an important role in pre-clinical evaluations of hip implants, in particular, bone ingrowth and bone remodelling. Joint force estimation using musculoskeletal models evolved as a viable alternative to in vivo measurement owing to the development of computational resources. This study investigated the efficiencies of four eminent open-source musculoskeletal models in order to determine the model that predicts the most accurate values of hip joint reaction and muscle forces during daily activities. Seven daily living activities of slow walking, normal walking, fast walking, sitting down, standing up, stair down and stair up were simulated in OpenSim using inverse dynamics method. Model predictions of joint kinematics, kinetics and muscle activation patterns were compared with published results. The estimated values of hip joint reaction force were found to corroborate well with in vivo measurements for each activity. Although the estimated values of hip joint reaction force were within a satisfactory range, overestimation of hip joint reaction force (75% BW of measured value) was observed during the late stance phase of walking cycles for all the models. In case of stair up, stair down, standing up and sitting down activities, the error in estimated values of hip joint reaction force were within ~20% BW of the measured value. Based on the results of our study, the London Lower Extremity Model predicted the most accurate value of hip joint reaction force and therefore can be used for applied musculoskeletal loading conditions for numerical investigations on hip implants.

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Calculation of muscle forces and joint reaction loads in the shoulder area via an OpenSim based computer model

tm - Technisches Messen ◽

10.1515/teme-2017-0114 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 85 (5) ◽

pp. 321-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefan Birgel ◽

Tim Leschinger ◽

Kilian Wegmann ◽

Manfred Staat

Keyword(s):

Computer Model ◽

Reaction Force ◽

Supraspinatus Tendon ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Joint Stability ◽

Muscle Attachment ◽

Joint Reaction Force ◽

Biomechanical Parameters ◽

Muscle Activations ◽

Joint Reaction

Abstract Using the OpenSim software and verified anatomical data, a computer model for the calculation of biomechanical parameters is developed and used to determine the effect of a reattachment of the Supraspinatus muscle with a medial displacement of the muscle attachment point, which may be necessary for a rupture of the supraspinatus tendon. The results include the influence of the operation on basic biomechanical parameters such as the lever arm, as well as the calculated the muscle activations for the supraspinatus and deltoid. In addition, the influence on joint stability is examined by an analysis of the joint reaction force. The study provides a detailed description of the used model, as well as medical findings to a reattachment of the supraspinatus.

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The Effect of Knee Model on Estimates of Muscle and Joint Forces in Recumbent Pedaling

Journal of Biomechanical Engineering ◽

10.1115/1.3148192 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael J. Koehle ◽

M. L. Hull

Keyword(s):

Knee Joint ◽

Dynamic Simulation ◽

Joint Model ◽

Human Motion ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Knee Model ◽

Joint Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Simulation Results ◽

Joint Reaction

The usefulness of forward dynamic simulations to studies of human motion is well known. Although the musculoskeletal models used in these studies are generic, the modeling of specific components, such as the knee joint, may vary. Our two objectives were (1) to investigate the effects of three commonly used knee models on forward dynamic simulation results, and (2) to study the sensitivity of simulation results to variations in kinematics for the most commonly used knee model. To satisfy the first objective, three different tibiofemoral models were incorporated into an existing forward dynamic simulation of recumbent pedaling, and the resulting kinematics, pedal forces, muscle forces, and joint reaction forces were compared. Two of these models replicated the rolling and sliding motion of the tibia on the femur, while the third was a simple pin joint. To satisfy the second objective, variations in the most widely used of the three knee models were created by adjusting the experimental data used in the development of this model. These variations were incorporated into the pedaling simulation, and the resulting data were compared with the unaltered model. Differences between the two rolling-sliding models were smaller than differences between the pin-joint model and the rolling-sliding models. Joint reactions forces, particularly at the knee, were highly sensitive to changes in knee joint model kinematics, as high as 61% root mean squared difference, normalized by the corresponding peak force of the unaltered reference model. Muscle forces were also sensitive, as high as 30% root mean squared difference. Muscle excitations were less sensitive. The observed changes in muscle force and joint reaction forces were caused primarily by changes in the moment arms and musculotendon lengths of the quadriceps. Although some level of inaccuracy in the knee model may be acceptable for calculations of muscle excitation timing, a representative model of knee kinematics is necessary for accurate calculation of muscle and joint reaction forces.

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Musculoskeletal Modeling of Acetabular Dysplasia-Kinematics, Muscle and Joint Reaction Forces

ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/sbc2010-19658 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael D. Harris ◽

Ryan S. Davis ◽

Bruce A. MacWilliams ◽

Christopher L. Peters ◽

Andrew E. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Hip Joint ◽

Acetabular Dysplasia ◽

Joint Kinematics ◽

Developmental Dysplasia ◽

Musculoskeletal Modeling ◽

Muscle Forces ◽

Joint Force ◽

Joint Reaction Forces ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Joint Reaction

Anatomical pathologies of the hip, such as developmental dysplasia are a common cause of hip pain in the young adult. While it is generally accepted that cartilaginous lesions and tears to the acetabular labrum initiate pain, muscle compensation/weakness may also contribute, especially for patients who do not have evidence of soft-tissue damage. Musculoskeletal models provide estimates of muscle forces as well as the equivalent force that acts upon the joint. Force data can then be compared to any observed differences in joint kinematics, thereby improving the interpretability of data from traditional gait studies. While a few studies have reported alterations in hip joint kinematics due to acetabular dysplasia, to our knowledge, muscle force differences have not been estimated [1, 2]. The purpose of this study was to couple traditional gait analysis with musculoskeletal modeling to compare hip joint kinematics, muscle forces, and joint reaction forces between subjects with acetabular dysplasia and normal controls.

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