scholarly journals Aspects of the theory of environmental policy in developing countries

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitrajeet A. Batabyal ◽  
Hamid Beladi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Dynamic Inconsistency ◽  
Pollution Taxes ◽  
Financing Constraint ◽  
Optimal Environmental Policy ◽  
Over Time

We study two issues relating to the conduct of environmental policy in developing countries (DCs). First, when faced with a self-financing constraint, should an environmental authority (EA) raise/lower pollution taxes over time or should it run a deficit/surplus? Second, given recent findings about the dynamic inconsistency of optimal environmental policy, should an EA make its preferences about the relative benefits of environmental protection versus production public, or should it keep its preferences private? Our analysis reveals that when faced with a self-financing constraint, it is optimal for the EA to run a deficit/surplus. Second, social losses are lower when this EA keeps its preferences private.

scholarly journals Thirty Years of Economics at the Environmental Protection Agency

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Al McGartland
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Policy Process ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
Benefit Cost Analysis ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Over Time

When the modern era of environmental policy began with creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and passage of the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, economists and economics were little used. Over time, economics became a major contributor to formation of environmental policy. Executive Order 12291 pushed economics into the policy process but also rendered benefit-cost analysis controversial. I report on economics’ role in the policy process over time and examine contributions by economists to environmental policymaking. Advancing benefit-cost analysis is an obvious contribution. I describe other areas in which economists have contributed and highlight milestones for economics at EPA.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL TAXES AS THE INSTRUMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jadranka Đurović Todorović ◽  
Marina Đorđević ◽  
Milica Ristić
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Data Series ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tax Revenues ◽  
Tax Systems

Many environmental and naturalresource problems, which have been solved indeveloped countries with the use of appropriateinstruments, are becoming increasingly common indeveloping countries. Due to poverty, theefficiency of conceiving environmental policiesand minimizing costs, are inherent issues of thesecountries. The aim of this paper is to highlight theimportance of environmental taxes in developingcountries, as environmental taxes are aninstrument of environmental policy that conveneswith the level of their development. Most countriestoday pay great attention to environmental taxes.However, in the tax systems of developingcountries, their significance is neglected. Weanalyzed 12 developing countries, which aremembers of the European Union, with thetendency to point out the benefits they could havefrom environmental taxes. A regression analysiswas applied on the data series for the period 2001-2016. The results of the model show that thegrowth of tax revenues from ecological taxesimplicitly increases the state allocation in the fieldof environmental protection.

Review of Article 27.3(b) and the Patenting of Life Forms: Hitting a BRIC Wall in the WTO?

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-318
Author(s):  
Jagjit Plahe ◽  
Nitesh Kukreja ◽  
Sunil Ponnamperuma
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Private Property Rights ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Under Article 27.3(b) of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement of the World Trade Organization (WTO), all members are required to extend private property rights to life forms. Using official WTO documents, this article analyzes the negotiating positions of WTO members on life patents during a review of Article 27.3(b) which commenced in 1999 and is currently ongoing. Initially, developing countries raised serious ethical concerns regarding life patents, creating a clear North-South divide. However, over time the position of Brazil and India moved away from the ethics of life patents to the prevention of bio-piracy, a position supported by China. Russia too is supportive of life patents. A group of small developing countries have, however, continued to question the morality of life patents despite this “BRIC wall,” changing the dynamics of the negotiations from a North-South divide to one which now includes a South-South divide.

Poyang Lake basin: a successful, large-scale integrated basin management model for developing countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1899-1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meiqiu Chen ◽  
Xiaohua Wei ◽  
Hongsheng Huang ◽  
Tiangui Lü
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Poyang Lake ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Clear Water ◽  
Basin Management ◽  
Poyang Lake Basin

Protection of water environment while developing socio-economy is a challenging task for lake regions of many developing countries. Poyang Lake is the largest fresh water lake in China, with its total drainage area of 160,000 km2. In spite of rapid development of socio-economy in Poyang Lake region in the past several decades, water in Poyang Lake is of good quality and is known as the “last pot of clear water” of the Yangtze River Basin in China. In this paper, the reasons of “last pot of clear water” of Poyang Lake were analysed to demonstrate how economic development and environmental protection can be coordinated. There are three main reasons for contributing to this coordinated development: 1) the unique geomorphologic features of Poyang Lake and the short water residence time; 2) the matching of the basin physical boundary with the administrative boundary; and 3) the implementation of “Mountain-River-Lake Program” (MRL), with the ecosystem concept of “mountain as source, river as connection flow, and lake as storage”. In addition, a series of actions have been taken to coordinate development, utilisation, management and protection in the Poyang Lake basin. Our key experiences are: considering all basin components when focusing on lake environment protection is a guiding principle; raising the living standard of people through implementation of various eco-economic projects or models in the basin is the most important strategy; preventing soil and water erosion is critical for protecting water sources; and establishing an effective governance mechanism for basin management is essential. This successful, large-scale basin management model can be extended to any basin or lake regions of developing countries where both environmental protection and economic development are needed and coordinated.

Environmental policy, firm dynamics and wage inequality in developing countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 70-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mong Shan Ee ◽  
Chi-Chur Chao ◽  
Xiangbo Liu ◽  
Eden S.H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Firm Dynamics
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