Epididymal Sperm Transport in Normal and Recent Spinal Cord Injured Sprague Dawley Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.A. Linsenmeyer ◽  
J.E. Ottenweller ◽  
J.S. D’lmperio ◽  
L.M. Pogach ◽  
H.F.S. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sperm Transport ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured

scholarly journals Suppression of detrusor-sphincter dysynergia by GABA-receptor activation in the lumbosacral spinal cord in spinal cord-injured rats

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (1) ◽  
pp. R336-R342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoru Miyazato ◽  
Kurumi Sasatomi ◽  
Shiro Hiragata ◽  
Kimio Sugaya ◽  
Michael B. Chancellor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Urethral Pressure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Lumbosacral Spinal Cord ◽  
Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Awake Condition ◽  
Intact Rats

We investigated the effects of intrathecal application of GABAA- or GABAB-receptor agonists on detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) in spinal cord transection (SCT) rats. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. At 4 wk after Th9-10 SCT, simultaneous recordings of intravesical pressure and urethral pressure were performed under an awake condition to examine the effect of intrathecal application of GABAA and GABAB agonists (muscimol and baclofen, respectively) or GABAA and GABAB antagonists (bicuculline and saclofen, respectively) at the level of L6-S1 spinal cord. In spinal-intact rats, the effects of bicuculline and saclofen on bladder and urethral activity were also examined. During urethral pressure measurements, DSD characterized by urethral pressure increases during isovolumetric bladder contractions were observed in 95% of SCT rats. However, after intrathecal application of muscimol or baclofen, urethral pressure showed urethral relaxation during isovolumetric bladder contractions. The effective dose to induce inhibition of urethral activity was lower compared with the dose that inhibited bladder contractions. The effect of muscimol and baclofen was antagonized by intrathecal bicuculline and saclofen, respectively. In spinal-intact rats, intrathecal application of bicuculline induced DSD-like changes. These results indicate that GABAA- and GABAB-receptor activation in the spinal cord exerts the inhibitory effects on DSD after SCT. Decreased activation of GABAA receptors due to hypofunction of GABAergic mechanisms in the spinal cord might be responsible, at least in part, for the development of DSD after SCT.

scholarly journals Characterization of ultrasound-mediated delivery of trastuzumab to normal and pathologic spinal cord tissue

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige Smith ◽  
Natalia Ogrodnik ◽  
Janani Satkunarajah ◽  
Meaghan A. O’Reilly
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Healthy Tissue ◽  
Spinal Cord Tissue ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Her2 Breast Cancer ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Blood Spinal Cord Barrier

AbstractExtensive studies on focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated drug delivery through the blood–brain barrier have been published, yet little work has been published on FUS-mediated drug delivery through the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB). This work aims to quantify the delivery of the monoclonal antibody trastuzumab to rat spinal cord tissue and characterize its distribution within a model of leptomeningeal metastases. 10 healthy Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with FUS + trastuzumab and sacrificed at 2-h or 24-h post-FUS. A human IgG ELISA (Abcam) was used to measure trastuzumab concentration and a 12 ± fivefold increase was seen in treated tissue over control tissue at 2 h versus no increase at 24 h. Three athymic nude rats were inoculated with MDA-MB-231-H2N HER2 + breast cancer cells between the meninges in the thoracic region of the spinal cord and treated with FUS + trastuzumab. Immunohistochemistry was performed to visualize trastuzumab delivery, and semi-quantitative analysis revealed similar or more intense staining in tumor tissue compared to healthy tissue suggesting a comparable or greater concentration of trastuzumab was achieved. FUS can increase the permeability of the BSCB, improving drug delivery to specifically targeted regions of healthy and pathologic tissue in the spinal cord. The achieved concentrations within the healthy tissue are comparable to those reported in the brain.

scholarly journals Olfactory bulb transplantation in complete spinal cord injury: axonal regeneration and locomotor recovery

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Carlos Abraham Arellanes-Chávez ◽  
Ariana Martínez Bojórquez ◽  
Ernesto Ramos Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Locomotor Recovery ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Complete Spinal Cord Injury

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the intervention in rats is effective in terms of spinal cord regeneration and locomotor recovery, in order to obtain sufficient evidence to apply the therapy in humans. METHODS: a randomized, controlled, experimental, prospective, randomized trial was conducted, with a sample of 15 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 gr. They were divided into three equal groups, and trained for 2 weeks based on Pavlov's classical conditioning method, to strengthen the muscles of the 4 legs, stimulate the rats mentally, and keep them healthy for the surgery. RESULTS: It was observed that implantation of these cells into the site of injury may be beneficial to the process of spinal cord regeneration after spinal trauma, to mediate secretion of neurotrophic and neuroprotective chemokines, and that the OECs have the ability to bridge the repair site and decrease the formation of gliosis, creating a favorable environment for axonal regeneration. CONCLUSION: It is emphasized that the olfactory ensheathing glial cells possess unique regenerative properties; however, it was not until recently that the activity of promoting central nervous system regeneration was recognized.

scholarly journals α1D-Adrenoceptor blockade increases voiding efficiency by improving external urethral sphincter activity in rats with spinal cord injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. R971-R978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Ishida ◽  
Hiroki Yamauchi ◽  
Hideaki Ito ◽  
Hironobu Akino ◽  
Osamu Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia ◽  
Sphincter Electromyography ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cord Injury

Ideal therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) should decrease detrusor overactivity, thereby promoting urine storage at low intravesical pressure and promoting efficient voiding at low pressure by decreasing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Here we investigated blockade of various α-adrenoceptors to determine the subtype that was principally responsible for improving the voiding dysfunction. The effects of the intravenous α-blocker naftopidil, the α-blocker BMY 7378, and the α-blocker silodosin were evaluated using cystometrography and external urethral sphincter-electromyography (EMG) in decerebrated, unanesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic SCI following transection at Th8. Parameters measured included the voided volume, residual volume, voiding efficiency, and burst and silent periods on EMG. Compared with values in decerebrated non-SCI rats, EMG of decerebrated SCI rats revealed more prominent tonic activity, significantly shorter periods of bursting activity, and a reduced ratio of the silent to active period during bursting. Compared with the value before drug administration (control), the voiding efficiency was significantly increased by naftopidil (1 and 3 mg/kg) (<0.05 each), and the burst (<0.01 and <0.05, respectively) and silent periods (<0.01 each) on EMG were significantly lengthened. BMY 7378 (1 mg/kg) significantly increased voiding efficiency and lengthened the burst periods (<0.05 each). Silodosin did not affect any parameters. These results suggest that α-blockade reduces the urethral resistance associated with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, thus improving voiding efficiency in SCI rats.

Responses of T2-4 spinal cord neurons to irritation of the lower airways in the rat

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (3) ◽  
pp. R1147-R1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Hummel ◽  
J. N. Sengupta ◽  
S. T. Meller ◽  
G. F. Gebhart
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Thoracic Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Balloon Distension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lower Airways

The aim of the study was to investigate the information processing in the thoracic spinal cord (T2-4) after chemical irritation of the lower airways. Experiments were performed in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized and pancuronium-paralyzed male Sprague-Dawley rats. Balloon distension of the esophagus was used as the search stimulus. Ammonia and smoke were applied by means of a tracheal cannula; they produced excitatory, inhibitory, and biphasic responses in a concentration-related manner (ammonia 39/39; smoke 23/ 39). Inhaled irritant-responsive neurons exhibited a number of similarities that have been described for neurons responding to stimulation of other thoracic viscera. These similarities relate to the distribution of neurons in the deeper laminae of the thoracic spinal cord, the relatively small number of neurons receiving input from the lower airways, the extensive convergent input from the skin and other thoracic viscera, and the pattern of responses. In addition, both stimulus-induced responses and spontaneous activity are subject to modulation from supraspinal sites. On the basis of responses to inhaled irritants after either spinal cord or vagus nerve block/transection, these T2-4 spinal neurons are likely to receive spinal afferent input that is modulated by vagal-brain stem input.

Hyaluronic acid scaffold has a neuroprotective effect in hemisection spinal cord injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiy V. Kushchayev ◽  
Morgan B. Giers ◽  
Doris Hom Eng ◽  
Nikolay L. Martirosyan ◽  
Jennifer M. Eschbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Secondary Injury ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Behavioral Assessments

OBJECTIVE Spinal cord injury occurs in 2 phases. The initial trauma is followed by inflammation that leads to fibrous scar tissue, glial scarring, and cavity formation. Scarring causes further axon death around and above the injury. A reduction in secondary injury could lead to functional improvement. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels were implanted into the gap formed in the hemisected spinal cord of Sprague-Dawley rats in an attempt to attenuate damage and regenerate tissue. METHODS A T-10 hemisection spinal cord injury was created in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats; the rats were assigned to a sham, control (phosphate-buffered saline), or HA hydrogel–treated group. One cohort of 23 animals was followed for 12 weeks and underwent weekly behavioral assessments. At 12 weeks, retrograde tracing was performed by injecting Fluoro-Gold in the left L-2 gray matter. At 14 weeks, the animals were killed. The volume of the lesion and the number of cells labeled from retrograde tracing were calculated. Animals in a separate cohort were killed at 8 or 16 weeks and perfused for immunohistochemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Samples were stained using H & E, neurofilament stain (neurons and axons), silver stain (disrupted axons), glial fibrillary acidic protein stain (astrocytes), and Iba1 stain (mononuclear cells). RESULTS The lesions were significantly smaller in size and there were more retrograde-labeled cells in the red nuclei of the HA hydrogel–treated rats than in those of the controls; however, the behavioral assessments revealed no differences between the groups. The immunohistochemical analyses revealed decreased fibrous scarring and increased retention of organized intact axonal tissue in the HA hydrogel–treated group. There was a decreased presence of inflammatory cells in the HA hydrogel–treated group. No axonal or neuronal regeneration was observed. CONCLUSIONS The results of these experiments show that HA hydrogel had a neuroprotective effect on the spinal cord by decreasing the magnitude of secondary injury after a lacerating spinal cord injury. Although regeneration and behavioral improvement were not observed, the reduction in disorganized scar tissue and the retention of neurons near and above the lesion are important for future regenerative efforts. In addition, this gel would be useful as the base substrate in the development of a more complex scaffold.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Brain and Spinal Cord/Nerve Neoplasms in Aged Sprague-Dawley Rats

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary M. Zwicker ◽  
Randy C. Eyster ◽  
Donald M. Sells ◽  
Jerome H. Gass
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

scholarly journals Reducing neuronal apoptosis in pontine micturition center by nerve root transfer to reconstruct bladder function after spinal cord injury

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronghua Yu ◽  
Gang Yin ◽  
Jianguo Zhao ◽  
Huihao Chen ◽  
Depeng Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nerve Root ◽  
Neuronal Apoptosis ◽  
Nerve Transfer ◽  
Bladder Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background: The neuronal apoptosis is increased after spinal cord injury (SCI), but anastomosing the normal nerve roots above SCI level to the injury sacral nerve roots can enhance functional recovery of neurons. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of sacral nerve root transfer after SCI on pontine neuronal survival and restoration of bladder function. Methods: Adult female Sprague Dawley rats (N = 90, 9–10 weeks old, 240-260 grams weight) were randomly divided into three groups (N = 30). We anastomosed the dorsal and ventral roots of proximal L4 and distal S2 to reconstruct the rat bladder–spinal cord–cerebral nerve afferent and efferent pathways in Sprague Dawley rats after spinal cord transection. We examined pontine neuronal morphology and apoptosis using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at different time points (1 day, 1 week, and 1, 3, or 6 months) after SCI and nerve transfer. Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression changes in the pontine micturition center were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Results: After nerve roots reconstruction, Group A compared with Group B, Bcl-2 expression increased significantly, Bax expression decreased significantly, Bcl-2/Bax ratio increased, the number of apoptotic neurons decreased, and the number of apoptotic bodies within neurons decreased significantly as observed by TEM.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that lumbosacral nerve transfer can reduce neuronal apoptosis in the pontine micturition center and enhance functional recovery of neurons. This method can be used as a new approach for reconstructing bladder function after spinal cord injury.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document