The Effects of Occupational Licensing on Complaints Against Real Estate Agents

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Shilling ◽  
C Sirmam
2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Ingram ◽  
Aaron Yelowitz

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the labor market entry of real estate agents in the USA and the potential effect of occupational licensing on entry. Design/methodology/approach Data from the 2012 to 2017 American Community Survey are linked to local housing price fluctuations from the Federal Housing Finance Agency for 100 large metro areas. The cost of entry associated with occupational licensing for new real estate agents is carefully measured for each market and interacted with housing fluctuations to investigate the role for barriers to entry. Findings A 10 percent increase in housing prices is associated with a 4 percent increase in the number of agents. However, increased license stringency reduces the labor market response by 30 percent. The impact of licensing is stronger for women and younger workers. Originality/value This work contributes to the growing literature investigating the impact of occupational licensing on labor supply and entry in the USA, as well as potential impacts of regulation on dynamism and entrepreneurship. To the authors’ knowledge, this study is also the first to quantify the cost of occupational licensing in the real estate industry.


2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 142-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey K. Turnbull ◽  
Bennie D. Waller

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Jörg Petermann

Real estate marketing has changed fundamentally over the past twenty years, mainly due to digital technologies. Due to the availability of online platforms as intermediary websites, the complexity of interaction relationships between providers, demanders, and real estate agents has increased. The study takes the perspective of real estate agents and uses the example market of Cologne/Bergisch-Gladbach to show what new potential digital channels offer for the reach and intensity of real estate marketing. Real estate agencies are challenged to evolve technologically, but then have a wider inventory of marketing channels and presentation options at their disposal. In the future, social media and video streaming platforms could further revolutionize property marketing, offering further potential to proactive providers, especially in terms of property branding and international sales.


Race Brokers ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 91-115
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Korver-Glenn

This chapter describes how White mortgage bankers relied on segregated interindustry networking with real estate agents to shore up their lending portfolios. In doing so, they helped sustain racially segregated buyer–agent–banker networks and loan opportunities. The chapter also demonstrates how White real estate agents undertook such networking and, in some cases, used the racist market rubric to interpret mortgage bankers of color, whom they excluded from their professional circles. In addition, the chapter describes how mortgage bankers depended on the routine of racialized discretion when they interpreted mortgage borrower and property risk. They gave White borrowers and homes in White neighborhoods the benefit of the doubt, assuming they were the least risky and most valuable. By contrast, they cast shadows of doubt on borrowers of color and homes in neighborhoods of color, interpreting these individuals and areas through the racist market rubric. Racialized discretion has consequences for whether and under what conditions mortgage loans are approved.


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