Chimeras, Superchimps, and Post-persons

In the world of contemporary biotechnology, our thinking about species and moral status is being challenged in new ways. First, the creation of interspecies chimeras, in disrupting the human/non-human species boundary, forces us also to go beyond species boundaries in considering how to determine the moral status of these new beings. Second, the possibility of moral status enhancement (or at least enhancing the capacities that on some accounts give rise to moral status), both for non-human animals and for humans, may lead to members of existing biological species having new moral properties, or perhaps even the creation of new ‘moral species’. This chapter explores normative and conceptual challenges raised by the prospect of crossing both biological and moral ‘species boundaries’. It examines the implications of species transitions in relation to identity, obligations towards existing beings and beings that might be created via the species transition process; and reflects on how this might advance our thinking about moral status.

Support for group-based inequality among members of low-status groups as an ingroup status-enhancement strategy

We discuss the idea that competition-based motives boost low-status group members’ support for group-based hierarchy and inequality. Specifically, the more low-status group members feel motivated to compete with a relevant high-status outgroup, based on the belief that existing status positions may be reversed, the more they will defend status differentials (i.e., high social dominance orientation; SDO). Using minimal groups (N = 113), we manipulated ingroup (low vs. high) status, and primed unstable status positions to all participants. As expected, we found that SDO positively mediates the relation between ingroup identification and collective action, when ingroup’s status is perceived to be low and status positions are perceived as highly unstable. We discuss the implications of considering situational and contextual factors to better understand individuals’ support for group-based hierarchies and inequality, and the advantages of considering ideological processes in predicting collective action.

Social Dominance Orientation Boosts Collective Action Among Low-Status Groups

We propose that low-status group members' support for group-based hierarchy and inequality (i.e., social dominance orientation; SDO) may represent an ideological strategy to guarantee the legitimacy of future ingroup status-enhancement. Specifically, we argue that, under unstable social structure conditions, SDO serves as an ideological justification for collective action tendencies aimed at competing for a higher status. In such context, SDO should be positively related with actions aimed to favor the ingroup (i.e., collective actions) by increasing group members' motivation to engage in direct competition with a relevant higher-status outgroup. We conducted two studies under highly competitive and unstable social structure contexts using real life groups. In Study 1 (N = 77), we induced Low vs. High Ingroup (University) Status and in Study 2 (N = 220) we used competing sports groups. Overall, results showed that, among members of low-status groups, SDO consistently increased individuals' motivation to get involved in actions favoring the ingroup, by boosting their motivation to compete with the opposing high-status outgroup. We discuss the results in light of the social dominance and collective action framework.

Milkfish nugget formulation with carrot and sweet corn modification towards nutritional status enhancement for underweight

Milkfish nugget is one of nutritionally dense processed with a practical presentation and generally liked by children. To enrich the nutritional content, the manufacture of nuggets is modified with the addition of vegetables including carrots and sweet corn. The modification of milkfish nuggets with carrots and sweet corn can be used as additional food for underweight toddlers This study aims to determine the effect of milkfish nuggets formulation with carrots and sweet corn modification. This research was a quasi-experiment with one group pre and post-test design. The sample was 37 with the total sampling method. The data was collected by observing the enhancement of toddlers’ nutritional status during 10 days. Data were analyzed by using a paired T-test with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed the bodyweight average increase after giving milkfish nuggets was 800 grams with an enhancement in nutritional from the average Z-score value of -1,95 through the bodyweight for age indicator. The milkfish nuggets formulation had a significant effect in enhancing the nutritional status of underweight toddlers (p-value 0,002). It is necessary to improve the quality of health programs especially regarding food intake for underweight toddlers to achieve the quality of the human development index.

DEATH RITUALS AND CHANGE AMONG HINDU NADARS IN A SOUTH INDIAN VILLAGE

This article examines changes in the death rituals performed among Hindu Nadars in a South Indian village. It emphasises the importance of understanding ritual changes within their specific micro-level local contextual framework, including changing social structures at household and village level. This empirical evidence showcases how changing rituals connected to death reflect various adaptations through imitation, substitution and alteration of specific ritual elements and performants. It also identifies emerging class distinctions among Nadars and their connection with changes in rituals associated with death. This analysis of the changes depicts how Nadars use ritual actions in pragmatic ways, symbolically expressing and realising their aspirations for status enhancement through such ritual performances.

Genus-Sexus-Inkongruenz in der Bezeichnungspraxis.

Nouns referring to persons are “vehicles of our thoughts” (Hermanns 2012b: 62). As labels, they refer to social categories, thereby both reflecting social realities and preserving them at the same time. If social realities change, language usage changes as well. With the abandonment of a historical concept, the designation associated with it also loses its rich semantic filling. The semantic filling, however, can be reconstructed from a historical perspective using a context-sensitive text and discourse analysis. This article aims to reconstruct Backfisch – the designation and social category for teenage girls in the second half of the 19th century – with surprising findings: German designations for teenage girls display a habitual mismatch between grammatical gender and sex. While this incongruency is common, it is not accidental. Instead, it continuously transports semantic features, both in the neuter, with the reification of adolescent girls that conform to their female gender role, and in the masculine, with male category-bound features of Backfische, whose behaviour conflicts with the expectancies that a female gender role evokes. Masculine gender is thus a manifestation of behaviour deviant from a gender role but nevertheless positively evaluated. A possible reason for this are the category-bound male features – assessed positively – that are transferred to the female Backfisch category and that have the effect of a temporary status enhancement.

Homosocial positionings and ambivalent participation

Although quantitative studies have found gender differences in the non-consensual sharing of privately produced sexual images, few studies have explored how these sharing practices are shaped by the gendered social interactions in which they take place. Drawing on qualitative data from seven same-sex focus group interviews, this study examines the non-consensual sharing and viewing of sexual images among young adults. The investigation shows how the non-consensual sharing and view- ing of sexting images is shaped by homosocial interactions and functions in gen- dered patterns of positioning, characterized by status enhancement among boys and visual gossiping among girls. However, the study also finds that young adults’ participation in these sharing practices is ambivalent, as they experience being both drawn to sexual images due to their private and authentic character, and repelled by them owing to the wrongfulness and illegality of sharing them. These findings are discussed in relation to research on youth sexting.

GAMBARAN PERAN PERAWAT DALAM PENCEGAHAN DEKUBITUS DI BANGSAL PENYAKIT DALAM RUMAH SAKIT DI YOGYAKARTA

Background : Decubitus prevention need the knowledge, attitude, motivation, and behavior of nurses. Objective : To identify the description of nurses role’s in decubitus prevention in Internal medicine ward of hospital in Yogya. Method : This was a descriptive design by using cross sectional time approach. The number of samples was 15 respondents selected through total sampling technique. The analysis applied descriptive statistic. Result : The majority of nurses had positive role’s in decubitus prevention as many as 10 respondents (66.7%), the nurses role’s according to some characteristics were as follows; The nurses role in the assessment on decubitus risk factor was in good category as many as 9 respondents (60.0%), the nurses role in skin care for patients was in good category as many as 9 respondents (60.0%), the nurses role in patients nutritional status enhancement was in good category as many as 10 respondents (66.7%), the nurses role in support surface was in sufficient category as many as 12 respondents (80.0%), and the nurses role in providing education was in good category as many as 13 respondents (86.7%). Conclusion : The nurses role’s in decubitus prevention in internal medicine ward of hospital in Yogya is in good category. Keywords : Decubitus prevention, Nurses role’s,Positive role’s