The geographic distribution of gaming machine proceeds in New Zealand

Nucleotides spanning 361 base pairs of the 5′ portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene were sequenced from 16 New Zealand fur seals, Arctocephalus forsteri, representing seven rookeries in three different regions: the east and west coasts of New Zealand, and Western Australia. Five different mitochondrial haplotypes were observed in these novel sequence data for this species. The geographical distribution of the cytochrome b haplotypes was shown to be heterogeneous by three statistical tests. The major finding of this study is the difference between haplotypes found in fur seals from Western Australian rookeries and haplotypes found in fur seals from New Zealand rookeries. The nucleotide sequence difference found in pairwise comparisons among the surveyed individuals is in the range 0.3–0.8%. One individual showed an unexpectedly large sequence divergence (range 3.3–4.2%) from all other fur seals in this study. We compare alternative hypotheses that this individual is a descendant of an ancient maternal lineage which survived a population bottleneck, that New Zealand fur seals exhibit a rather large amount of genetic variability at this locus, or that this particular individual is a hybrid. Western Australian rookeries were extirpated as a result of sealing during the early 1800s. The geographic distribution of mitochondrial cytochrome b haplotypes suggests that the extirpated Australian rookeries were not recolonized by migrants from New Zealand. No genetic division between fur seal populations sampled from the east and west coasts of New Zealand is revealed using this region of the mitochondrial genome as a genetic marker, but we suggest that it should be possible to create a more discriminating test by examining a more variable DNA target such as the mitochondrial control region.

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The Effects of Pop-up Harm Minimisation Messages on Electronic Gaming Machine Gambling Behaviour in New Zealand

Journal of Gambling Studies ◽

10.1007/s10899-016-9603-0 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 1115-1126 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katie Palmer du Preez ◽

Jason Landon ◽

Maria Bellringer ◽

Nick Garrett ◽

Max Abbott

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Gambling Behaviour ◽

Harm Minimisation ◽

Electronic Gaming Machine ◽

Gaming Machine ◽

Machine Gambling

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On the Feasibility of In-Venue Observations of Electronic Gaming Machine Gamblers and Game Characteristics

Journal of Gambling Issues ◽

10.4309/jgi.2017.36.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Jason Landon ◽

Katie Palmer Du Preez ◽

Maria Bellringer ◽

Max Abbott ◽

Amanda Roberts

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Observational Studies ◽

In Situ Observation ◽

Harm Minimization ◽

Observable Effect ◽

In Situ Observations ◽

Gaming Machine ◽

Gaming Machines ◽

Valid Information

Detailed observational studies of undisturbed gambler behaviour in venues are rare, especially when the focus is on continuous gambling such as electronic gaming machines (EGMs). EGMs are the main source of harmful gambling in New Zealand and all EGMs in New Zealand now include a mandatory pop-up message feature. The present study reports on 48 hours of in situ observations of EGM gamblers in casino and non-casino (pub) venues in New Zealand. We sought to establish whether relatively detailed observations of EGM features and gambler behaviour in venues were possible. The EGM feature that we focused on were pop-up messages, given their harm-minimization potential and the relative ease with which they can be observed. However, other EGM features were also documented, along with descriptive accounts of associated gambler behaviour. The results establish that relatively detailed (quantitative or qualitative) observational data can be collected in venues by using smart phones. The data showed that pop-up messages were generally attended to, but had little observable effect on gambler behaviour in venues. Direct in situ observation of gamblers can provide ecologically valid information to complement more common experimental and survey-based approaches. Suggestions are made for developing the procedure.Les études d’observation détaillée in situ sur le comportement non perturbé de joueurs sont rares, surtout si on met l’accent sur le jeu continu, comme avec les appareils de jeux électroniques. En Nouvelle-Zélande, ces appareils sont la principale source de jeux compulsifs, et tous les appareils dans ce pays incluent dorénavant une fonctionnalité obligatoire de message contextuel. La présente étude fait état de 48 heures d’observation in situ de joueurs sur appareils dans des casinos ou d’autres lieux (bars) en Nouvelle-Zélande, et on a cherché à déterminer s’il était possible de faire des observations relativement détaillées des caractéristiques et du comportement de joueurs dans ces lieux. On a mis l’accent sur la fonctionnalité des messages contextuels pour analyser leur potentiel de diminuer des méfaits et leur relative facilité à les observer. On a aussi consigné d’autres fonctionnalités d’appareils de jeu, ainsi que des comptes-rendus descriptifs du comportement des joueurs associés. Les résultats montrent que l’on peut recueillir des données d’observation in situ relativement détaillées (quantitatives ou qualitatives) à l’aide de téléphones intelligents. Les données montrent que les messages contextuels ont généralement été pris en compte, mais qu’ils ont eu peu d’effet observable sur le comportement des joueurs. L’observation directe de joueurs peut fournir des informations écologiquement valables pour appuyer les approches expérimentales communes par sondage. On y fait aussi quelques suggestions pour mettre en œuvre une procédure.

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A pragmatic approach to delimiting incursions

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5760 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

pp. 322-322

Author(s):

G.M. Burnip ◽

J.M. Kean ◽

A.K. Pathan

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

New Zealand ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Survey Design ◽

Leaf Beetle ◽

Pragmatic Approach ◽

Viable Option ◽

Risk Area ◽

Response Option ◽

Substantial Effort

When incursions of exotic organisms are first detected Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI) investigators normally assess the spatial extent of populations to evaluate whether eradication is a viable option However delimitation of the entire risk area typically requires substantial effort and cost Collaboration between MPI and Better Border Biosecurity researchers led to the realisation that a quantified geographic distribution of the exotic organisms population is not necessarily required to determine eradication viability The question is not where in the landscape is the organism present but the more manageable is the organism present across such a widespread area that eradication is not feasible This pragmatic approach focuses on getting the delimitation question right and narrows the scope of investigative actions to something achievable This approach informed response option development when the Australian pasture tunnel moth (Philobota sp) incursion was first detected in New Zealand in 2010 and for the eucalyptus leaf beetle (Paropsisterna beata) detected in 2012 Further details of this approach have been published in Kean JM Burnip GM Pathan A 2014 Detection survey design for decision making during biosecurity incursions In Jarrad FC LowChoy SJ Mengersen K ed Biosecurity Surveillance Quantitative Approaches ISBN 9781780643595 CAB International

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What Influences how New Zealanders use Information Displays? An Analysis of Electronic Gaming Machine Records

10.26686/wgtn.17138882.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Shannon Garland Duignan

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Slot Machines ◽

Message Content ◽

Electronic Gaming Machines ◽

Harm Minimisation ◽

Information Displays ◽

Complex Interactions ◽

Electronic Gaming Machine ◽

Gaming Machine ◽

Gaming Machines

<p>Electronic gaming machines (slot machines) contribute to problem gambling in New Zealand and worldwide. Information displays are one harm minimisation feature of New Zealand electronic gaming machines that has been investigated in recent years. New Zealand gamblers see two types of displays: interruptive pop-up displays after a set period of time has passed, and elective displays if a player presses an information button. These displays inform the gambler about their current session with the intention that they will facilitate informed decisions about continuing play or quitting. The current study used a week-long set of electronic gaming machine data from across New Zealand to run an exploratory investigation into the utility of these information displays. We first observed that fewer than 2% of pop-up displays resulted in people quitting. On this basis it is unlikely that interruptive pop-up displays are meaningfully reducing harm. Our analysis also revealed timing differences in how pop-up displays are scheduled on machines produced by different manufacturers. The likelihood of quitting on a pop-up was influenced by complex interactions of machine and session characteristics, however these effects were small. Secondly, our investigation of elective displays also identified a low rate of access, indicating they are also unlikely to be working effectively as a harm minimisation tool. Analysis revealed players’ likelihood of accessing an elective display was mostly influenced by the venue type they were in and the manufacturer of the machine. Possible recommendations to improve both types of displays include changes to message content, scheduled timing and visual features.</p>

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Geographic distribution of eye‐care practitioners in Aotearoa/New Zealand: implications for future eye health workforce

Clinical and Experimental Optometry ◽

10.1111/cxo.12998 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (4) ◽

pp. 531-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naoko A Chapman ◽

Nicola S Anstice ◽

Robert J Jacobs

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Health Workforce ◽

Eye Care ◽

Eye Health ◽

Aotearoa New Zealand

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Kiwisaldula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Saldidae) from the South Island of New Zealand: new species and identification key

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4514 (2) ◽

pp. 167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MARIE-CLAUDE LARIVIÈRE ◽

ANDRÉ LAROCHELLE

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Zealand ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Identification Key ◽

External Morphology ◽

The South ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Diagnostic Features

Kiwisaldula cranshawi new species, K. januszkiewiczi new species, K. ryani new species, and K. yangae new species are described from the South Island of New Zealand. Morphological descriptions are provided together with illustrations emphasising the most important diagnostic features of external morphology and male genitalia. Information is given on synonymy, type specimens, material examined, geographic distribution and biology.

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Panbiogeography 1981-91: development of an earth/life synthesis

Progress in Physical Geography Earth and Environment ◽

10.1177/030913339101500401 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 331-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

J.R. Grehan

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Evolutionary Theory ◽

Evolutionary Ecology ◽

Evolutionary Relationship ◽

New Developments ◽

Geological Processes ◽

Statistical Measures ◽

Biogeographic Regions ◽

Tectonic Features

Contributions to the method and theory of panbiogeography are reviewed in relation to a New Zealand interest that arose from the late 1970s and early 1980s. Panbiogeography was developed by Leon Croizat in the 1950s, but ignored by prominent evolutionary theorists in favour of traditional explanations of geographic distribution established from Darwin's time. The New Zealand interest has provided a critical reappraisal of Croizat's work and its continued relevance to evolutionary theory through new developments in method and synthesis. Panbiogeography is presented in this review as an exploration of Hooker's paradox - the problem of integrating contradictory aspects of earth and life in space/time. Croizat's approach to biogeography involved analyses of geographic distribution by linking localities together to form line graphs called tracks. Analysis and interpretation of tracks has been developed by application of graph theory techniques for quantitative and statistical measures of track inter-relationships and their biogeog raphic significance. Panbiogeographic approaches have developed the application of defining features called 'baselines' that represent spatial characters for biogeographic homology. Ocean basins comprise important biogeographic features for the baseline orientation of tracks. This approach has resulted in a new classification system where ocean basins are the natural biogeographic regions while major landmasses are located at regional boundaries. This subsumes the conflicts and contradictions inherent in the geographic classifications developed from Wallace onwards. Panbiogeographic correlation of tracks with tectonic features provides a geographic basis for interpreting the evolutionary relationship between earth and life. Different standard tracks are compared in reference to the associated tectonic features such as spreading ridges, fault systems and suture zones. Novel geological predictions generated from distributional and tectonic congruence illustrated for the Americas, and for New Zealand where a novel parallel arcs model has been proposed for its natural history and evolution. The conceptual implications for evolutionary ecology are explored in terms of life evolving as a 'geological' layer where organism-environment relationships evolve through coconstruction of interdependent processes rather than by interaction of organisms and environments as separately preformed entities. Progress in panbiogeography over the last decade provides a significant contribution to evolutionary theory through the continued development of a spatiotemporal synthesis for understanding biological and geological processes responsible for local and global biodiversity.

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