Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus–associated cognitive impairment in a group of Hispanic women at risk for neurological impairment

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 356-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Wojna ◽  
Richard L Skolasky ◽  
Rosa Hechavarría ◽  
Rául Mayo ◽  
Ola Selnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

scholarly journals Characterization of peripheral blood human immunodeficiency virus isolates from Hispanic women with cognitive impairment

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianedis M Toro Nieves ◽  
Marinés Plaud ◽  
Valerie Wojna ◽  
Richard Skolasky ◽  
Loyda M Meléndez
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Hispanic Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

scholarly journals A High Prevalence Rate of a Positive Screen for Cognitive Impairment in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Attending an Irish Clinic

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia H. McNamara ◽  
Robert Coen ◽  
Janice Redmond ◽  
Colin P. Doherty ◽  
Colm Bergin
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Positive Screen ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders occurs in 20%–50% of HIV-positive patients. We undertook this study to assess the prevalence of a positive screen for cognitive impairment in the clinic population at our institution and to demonstrate the feasibility of implementing a screening program in routine clinical encounters. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, and patients were recruited prospectively between December 2010 and February 2013. Inclusion criteria were as follows: patients were HIV positive, over the age of 18, capable of giving informed consent, and had sufficient ability to communicate in English. Patients were screened for cognitive impairment using the Brief Neurocognitive Screen. Results A total of 604 patients were recruited, and 51.5% had a positive screen for cognitive impairment. The majority of the study cohort were male (78.8%), mean age was 40.9 (standard deviation, 10.2) years, 70.9% were Irish, the most common mode of transmission was men who have sex with men (49.3%), 83% were on antiretroviral therapy, and 88.7% were virally suppressed. Logistic regression showed that the main factors predictive of a positive screen for cognitive impairment were the endorsement of cognitive symptoms (P = .024), being born in Africa (P < .000001), the use of benzodiazepines (P = .00341), being unemployed (P = .008), and consumption of more than 40 units of alcohol weekly (P = .035). There was a positive screen for depression in 9.1% and a positive screen for anxiety in 24.5%. Conclusions The study highlights the necessity for a structured, prospective, large-scale screening program for cognitive impairment across countries with limited resources and demonstrates the feasibility of easily implementing this with minimal training.

Sexual behaviour

2020 ◽  
pp. 1597-1599
Author(s):  
Catherine H. Mercer ◽  
Anne M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Effective Contraception ◽  
People First

Discussion of sexual lifestyle and the ability to take a sexual history are relevant to many types of clinical practice. The age at which people first have sex has decreased and the age at which people start cohabiting has become later in recent decades, increasing the time available to accumulate sexual partners and thus be at risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). While many people have few partners, a small proportion of the population has many. People with many partners are most at risk of STIs, but there are many other influences including the gender, age, and ethnicity of their partners and the type of sexual practice. This chapter covers the adverse consequences of sexual behaviour (including STIs and unintended pregnancy), and initiatives to encourage reducing partner numbers, using condoms and effective contraception, and engaging in less risky practices.

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