The relationship between cigarette use, nicotine dependence, and craving in laboratory volunteers

Abstract Introduction Psychometrically sound measures of e-cigarette dependence are lacking. Methods We modified the PROMIS Item Bank v1.0—Smoking: Nicotine Dependence for All Smokers for use with e-cigarettes and evaluated the psychometrics of the 22-, 8-, and 4-item adapted versions, referred to as The E-cigarette dependence scale (EDS). Adults (1009) who reported using e-cigarettes at least weekly completed an anonymous survey in summer 2016 (50.2% male, 77.1% White, mean age 35.81 [10.71], 66.4% daily e-cigarette users, 72.6% current cigarette smokers). Psychometric analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, measurement invariance, examination of mean-level differences, convergent validity, and test-criterion relationships with e-cigarette use outcomes. Results All EDS versions had confirmable, internally consistent latent structures that were scalar invariant by sex, race, e-cigarette use (nondaily/daily), e-liquid nicotine content (no/yes), and current cigarette smoking status (no/yes). Daily e-cigarette users, nicotine e-liquid users, and cigarette smokers reported being more dependent on e-cigarettes than their counterparts. All EDS versions correlated strongly with one another, evidenced convergent validity with the Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index and time to first e-cigarette use in the morning, and evidenced test-criterion relationships with vaping frequency, e-liquid nicotine concentration, and e-cigarette quit attempts. Similar results were observed when analyses were conducted within subsamples of exclusive e-cigarette users and duals-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Conclusions Each EDS version evidenced strong psychometric properties for assessing e-cigarette dependence in adults who either use e-cigarette exclusively or who are dual-users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. However, results indicated little benefit of the longer versions over the 4-item EDS, which provides an efficient assessment of e-cigarette dependence. Implications The availability of the novel, psychometrically sound EDS can further research on a wide range of questions related to e-cigarette use and dependence. In addition, the overlap between the EDS and the original PROMIS that was developed for assessing nicotine dependence to cigarettes provides consistency within the field.

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E-cigarette use and onset of first cigarette smoking among adolescents: An empirical test of the ‘common liability’ theory

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.21377.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2099

Author(s):

Hui G. Cheng ◽

Edward G. Largo ◽

Maria Gogova

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation Modeling ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Tobacco Products ◽

Latent Construct ◽

The Us ◽

The Common ◽

The Relationship

Background: E-cigarettes have become the most commonly used tobacco products among youth in the United States (US) recently. It is not clear whether there is a causal relationship between e-cigarette use and the onset of cigarette smoking. The “common liability” theory postulates that the association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking can be attributed to a common risk construct of using tobacco products. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ever e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking onset in the US using a structural equation modeling approach guided by the “common liability” theory. Methods: The study population is non-institutionalized civilian adolescents living in the US, sampled in the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study. Information about tobacco product use was obtained via confidential self-report. A structural equation modeling approach was used to estimate the relationship between e-cigarette use at wave 1 and the onset of cigarette smoking at wave 2 after controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products.” Results: After controlling for a latent construct representing a “common liability to use tobacco products”, ever e-cigarette use does not predict the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.13, 95% CI= -0.07, 0.32, p=0.204). The latent “common liability to use tobacco products” is a robust predictor for the onset of cigarette smoking (β=0.38; 95% CI=0.07, 0.69; p=0.015). Conclusions: Findings from this study provide supportive evidence for the ‘common liability’ underlying observed associations between e-cigarette use and smoking onset.

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Do Cigarette Smokers Have Different Personality Patterns than Non-Smokers?

The Spanish Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1017/sjp.2013.101 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elisardo Becoña ◽

Elena Fernández del Río ◽

Ana López-Durán ◽

Úrsula Martínez ◽

Bárbara Piñeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Nicotine Dependence ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Quitting Smoking ◽

Personality Pattern ◽

Key Variables ◽

Personality Patterns ◽

The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and personality patterns in the general population, taking into account the possible influence of nicotine dependence. We used a stratified random sample of 1,081 adults from the general population (519 smokers and 562 non-smokers) in the region of Galicia (Spain). Personality patterns were assessed with the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). The results indicated that nicotine-dependent smokers had a higher probability of obtaining a PREV > 75 in the histrionic and antisocial personality patterns and non-nicotine-dependent smokers are more likely to present a PREV > 75 in paranoid personality pattern than non-smokers. On the contrary, non-smokers are more likely to have a PREV > 75 on the compulsive personality scale. Our findings suggest that there are different personality patterns according to smoking status (smoker/non-smoker) and according to the presence of nicotine dependence. We concluded that it is necessary to identify the personality characteristics of smokers, since these characteristics could be key variables in increased risk of being a smoker and of difficulties for quitting smoking.

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Up in Smoke: Exploring the Relationship between Bullying Victimization and E-Cigarette Use in Sexual Minority Youths

Substance Use & Misuse ◽

10.1080/10826084.2020.1797809 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (13) ◽

pp. 2221-2229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Courtney R. Doxbeck

Keyword(s):

Sexual Minority ◽

Bullying Victimization ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

The Relationship

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Do cigarette and alcohol affect semen analysis?

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2016.1.56 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mehmet Zeynel Keskin ◽

Salih Budak ◽

Saim Gubari ◽

Kalender Durmaz ◽

Mehmet Yoldas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Semen Analysis ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Semen Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

Group 4 ◽

Semen Volume ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship

Objectives: There are a number of studies about the effect of cigarette and alcohol on semen parameters in the literature. There is not a consensus on the relationship between use of cigarette and alchol and semen parameters in those studies. The number of studies in which cigarette and alcohol use are evaluated together is limited. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of cigarette and/or alcohol use on semen parameters. Methods: In this prospective study, 762 patients who applied to an hospital urology polyclinic between January 2015 and March 2015 due to infertility, were questioned for alcohol and cigarette use in anamnesis. The remaining 356 patients were included in our study. Then, semen analysis of the patients was performed. The patients were divided into five groups according to cigarette use, into five groups according to alcohol use and into four groups according to cigarette and/or alcohol use. Significant differences were analyzed between the groups in terms of semen volume, semen concentration, total motility, forward motility and morphological (normality, head anomaly, neck anomaly, tail anomaly) values. Results: According to cigarette use, only in group 4 (who use more than 20 package-years cigarette) semen volume was significantly lower than the control group (Mann-Whitney U, p = 0.009). There was no significant difference in any of the other parameters and groups compared with the control group (Mann-Whitney U, p > 0,05) Conclusion:According to our study, using more than 20 package- years cigarette decreases semen volume. The reason of this result might be the fact that the threshold value, from which the effect of cigarette and alcohol use on the semen parameters has to be determined.

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Perception and Current Use of E-cigarettes Among Youth in China

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1093/ntr/nty145 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 1401-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Lin Xiao ◽

Mark Parascandola ◽

Congxiao Wang ◽

Yuan Jiang

Keyword(s):

Middle School ◽

Middle School Students ◽

Tobacco Use ◽

Tobacco Product ◽

Cigarette Use ◽

School Students ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Never Smokers ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Introduction This study provides nationally representative estimates of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among youth in China and explores the factors associated with awareness and use of e-cigarettes and the relationship between e-cigarette and conventional tobacco use. Methods This study examined data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey, which was completed by 155 117 middle school students (51.8% boys and 48.2% girls) in China, and employed a multistage stratified cluster sampling design. For data analysis, SAS 9.3 complex survey procedures were used, and logistic regression was used to explore factors associated with e-cigarette use and the relationship between e-cigarette and conventional tobacco use. Results About 45.0% of middle school students had heard of e-cigarettes, but only 1.2% reported using e-cigarettes in the last 30 days. Among never-smokers, e-cigarette users were more likely to intend to use a tobacco product in the next 12 months than nonusers (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.970, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.474% to 10.857%), and more likely to say that they would enjoy smoking a cigarette (adjusted OR = 14.633, 95% CI = 11.328% to 18.902%). E-cigarette use was associated with previous experimentation with cigarette smoking (OR = 3.2), having noticed tobacco advertising in the past 30 days (OR = 2.7), having close friends who smoke (OR = 1.4), and thinking tobacco helps people feel more comfortable in social situations (OR = 3.3) and makes young people look more attractive (OR = 1.3). Conclusions E-cigarette use among youth in China remains low but awareness is high. E-cigarette use was associated with increased intentions to use tobacco. Enhanced prevention efforts are needed targeting e-cigarette use among youth. Implications This study is the first nationally representative survey of e-cigarette use among youth in China. It found that among middle school students, prevalence of e-cigarette use is 1.2% and prevalence of e-cigarette awareness is 45.0%. Chinese youths use e-cigarettes as a tobacco product rather than an aid to quitting. Among never-smokers, e-cigarette users were more likely to have intentions to use a tobacco product in the next 12 months, more likely to use a tobacco product offered by their best friends and enjoy smoking a cigarette than nonusers.

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