A narrative review of the logistic and economic feasibility of cochlear implants in lower-income countries

Although ill-defined, the term “development management” is broadly understood to refer to the management of economic and social development, and the reduction of poverty, at various levels from macro to micro, in lower income countries. “Development management” pre-supposes “development managers”, but this term is even less well defined. Popular perceptions suggest that the concept is less easily applied at the macro level, but more readily at the micro, and also more to someone who is development-minded than someone whose job is to manage or implement development policies and processes, although the two can overlap. This perception – and its implications for management training – is followed through to suggest a profile of a development manager as someone who is forward-thinking, people-oriented, resourceful, flexible in his or her approach to means of achieving objectives, and morally committed.

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Impact of Domestic and Transboundary Conflicts on Militarization

Open Military Studies ◽

10.1515/openms-2020-0102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 24-35

Author(s):

Hafiz Syed Mohsin Abbas ◽

Xiaodong Xu ◽

Chunxia Sun ◽

Saif Ullah ◽

Muhammad Ahsan Ali Raza

Keyword(s):

High Income ◽

Global Perspective ◽

Fragile States ◽

Lower Income ◽

Security Issues ◽

Military Equipment ◽

Income Groups ◽

Global Concern ◽

Global Peace ◽

Lower Income Countries

AbstractSecurity issues are the global concern nowadays, which triggers government spending on military equipment and supply chain. This paper analyzes the global perspective of cohesion indicators on Militarization by using 177 countries panel data from the Years 2011-2018 based on middle/lower and high-income groups. By applied OLS and Fixed Effect modelling, we explored the idea that Group Grievance and Population Growth Rate have a significant impact on Militarization in both income groups worldwide. However, middle/lower income group’s Militarization is more fragile than high-income groups due to state cohesion. It further analyses that Security Apparatus and Fractionalization Elite are significant in Middle/ lower-income countries and have an insignificant impact on Militarization in high-income countries. In the end, the study suggested that the United Nations must keenly observe the militarization trends of the less fragile states by considering global peace concerns and should play its role to resolve the bilateral conflicts in the region to maintain world peace environment.

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2. A History of Lower-Income Countries in (and out of) Global Tax Governance

Imposing Standards ◽

10.1515/9781501756009-005 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 31-49

Keyword(s):

Lower Income ◽

History Of ◽

Lower Income Countries

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Nutrition and cancer – global and African perspectives: a focused update

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665114001761 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 437-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin J Wiseman

Keyword(s):

Physical Inactivity ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Great Majority ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Lower Income ◽

The World ◽

Nutritional Transition ◽

High Level ◽

Lower Income Countries

The burden of cancer worldwide is predicted to almost double by 2030 to nearly 23 million cases annually. The great majority of this increase is expected to occur in less economically developed countries, where access to expensive medical, surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions is likely to be limited to a small proportion of the population. This emphasises the need for preventive measures, as outlined in the declaration from the United Nations 2011 High Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases. The rise in incidence is proposed to follow from increasing numbers of people reaching middle and older ages, together with increasing urbanisation of the population with a nutritional transition from traditional diets to a more globalised ‘Western’ pattern, with a decrease in physical activity. This is also expected to effect a change in the pattern of cancers from a predominantly smoking and infection dominated one, to a smoking and obesity dominated one. The World Cancer Research Fund estimates that about a quarter to a third of the commonest cancers are attributable to excess body weight, physical inactivity and poor diet, making this the most common cause of cancers after smoking. These cancers are potentially preventable, but knowledge of the causes of cancer has not led to effective policies to prevent the export of a ‘Western’ pattern of cancers in lower income countries such as many in Africa.

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