scholarly journals Nutrition and cancer – global and African perspectives: a focused update

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The World ◽  
Nutritional Transition ◽  
High Level ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The burden of cancer worldwide is predicted to almost double by 2030 to nearly 23 million cases annually. The great majority of this increase is expected to occur in less economically developed countries, where access to expensive medical, surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions is likely to be limited to a small proportion of the population. This emphasises the need for preventive measures, as outlined in the declaration from the United Nations 2011 High Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases. The rise in incidence is proposed to follow from increasing numbers of people reaching middle and older ages, together with increasing urbanisation of the population with a nutritional transition from traditional diets to a more globalised ‘Western’ pattern, with a decrease in physical activity. This is also expected to effect a change in the pattern of cancers from a predominantly smoking and infection dominated one, to a smoking and obesity dominated one. The World Cancer Research Fund estimates that about a quarter to a third of the commonest cancers are attributable to excess body weight, physical inactivity and poor diet, making this the most common cause of cancers after smoking. These cancers are potentially preventable, but knowledge of the causes of cancer has not led to effective policies to prevent the export of a ‘Western’ pattern of cancers in lower income countries such as many in Africa.

Health care of Cyprus

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Elena Vladimirovna Frolova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Reproductive Medicine ◽  
Medical Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
On This Island ◽  
The World ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
High Level

In terms of its efficiency and accessibility, the health care of Cyprus is not inferior in many ways to the systems of medical care in a number of developed countries of the world. By placing the main emphasis on the organization of preventive care, the Cypriots were able to achieve quite a high level of life expectancy — 85 years for women and 81 years for men. Due to its excellent geographical position and mild climate, the country has a special attraction in terms of medical tourism, the most popular areas of which are plastic cosmetology, dentistry, and reproductive medicine. Foreigners who come for medical services have the opportunity not only to improve their health, but also to have a wonderful rest, enjoy Mediterranean cuisine, golden sandy beaches and blessed sunshine. Fortunately, nature provides all the opportunities for this — scientists say that at least 300 days a year are sunny on this island.

Are Current Models for Preventive Programs Sufficient for the Needs of Tomorrow?

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.H. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Small Measure ◽  
Ambient Levels

We can be proud of our accomplishment in the prevention of dental caries. Many children in developed countries are now caries-free; however, by age 50, fewer than 5% of the population is caries-free. The drop in the prevalence of caries among specific age groups is undoubtedly due to widespread exposure to fluorides. However, caries protection by fluorides is not absolute; if caries attack continues throughout life, the prevalence of caries will increase. All available evidence strongly suggests that ambient levels of fluoride in the mouth play a critical role in protection against caries. It is clear that novel methods of delivery, such as sustained-release technology, will be developed to enhance the protective effect of fluoride, utilizing amounts of fluoride significantly less than those currently in use. The problems of preventing dental caries in developing countries are much more severe than those facing Western countries. The prevalence of caries appears to be increasing in no small measure due to the introduction of Western diets. Administration of fluoride through conventional routes is either impractical or inordinately expensive. It appears sensible, therefore, to direct preventive measures through dietary constituents associated with caries. Fluoridation of sugars appears to be a highly practical and safe way to reduce the prevalence of caries in such communities. Fluoride and iodide are currently added to salt in many parts of the world. If we are to reduce the prevalence of caries effectively in all countries and in all age groups, current methods of prevention will have to be greatly enhanced, and/or effective additional approaches will need to be developed.

scholarly journals Human factor in the strategy of sustainable leadership of PJSC Gazprom

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Nina M. Baranova ◽  
Sergey N. Larin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Sustainable Leadership ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Near Future ◽  
World Ranking

Gazproms human capital (as HDI) is one of the most important resources of the corporation, which ensures its competitive strength in the Russian and international energy market. One of the main goals of PJSC Gazprom is the formation of a highly professional, responsible and cohesive team that effectively develops projects and solves a variety of tasks not only at the corporate level, but the country and the world. Therefore, the assessment of PJSC Gazprom staff readiness for the competition of the corporation in the domestic and external markets is relevant. Modeling the level of development of the enterprises human capital, based on the example of Gazprom corporation, according to certain indicators, determining their role in the development and competitiveness of the organization. To conduct the study, the works of scientists were analyzed, official data of the annual reports on the activities of PJSC Gazprom in the field of sustainable development for 2000-2018 were used. In order to assess the readiness of the corporation's human capital to sustainable development of the enterprise, a regression analysis and an econometric study were carried out using the MS Excel and Eviews10 application software packages. As a result of the study, it was found that a positive corporate human capital has a significant impact on competitiveness and an increase in the companys value and the constructed model for assessing companys human capital, based on the example of PJSC Gazprom, enables to make a forecast for the near future. Russia has occupied 49 place in the World Ranking (HDI = 0.824) in 2019 in terms of the level of development of the human capital according to the World Bank and has got into a very high level of development. Despite this fact, Russian HDI in World Ranking occupies only 46% against 70% of developed countries. World Bank experts claims, it will take Russia about 100 years to catch up with developed countries on this indicator. Russia does not have that kind of time, so the country has actively joined on every front. Obviously, the human capital of each corporation makes a certain contribution to changing the human capital of the country in one direction or another, and the human capital of PJSC Gazprom is able to significantly increase this indicator.

scholarly journals Prospects for application of physical exercises and phytotherapy in patients with ulcerative colitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-24
Author(s):  
V. A. Akhmedov ◽  
T. I. Melikov
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
The World ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases rapidly increased in last years in developed countries and the rise witnessed in the rest of the world closely correlates with adopting a western lifestyle. These observations support the notion that a variety of environmental factors contribute to the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. In the developed countries, peoples’ lifestyle has changed significantly, being affected by serious modifications in dietary habits and physical inactivity. Those changes in lifestyle may have a bearing on the course of the disease and require correction with the use of physical exercises and other non-drug methods of treatment.

scholarly journals Level of Income and the Investment Development Path Theory: Evidence From Africa

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110613
Author(s):  
Justice G. Djokoto ◽  
Paragon Pomeyie
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
The World ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Using Data

The investment development path theory delineates countries in stages I, II, III, IV, and V according to the level of development as developing, transition, and developed countries. The World Bank’s classification of countries by income, however, identifies countries as lower-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high income. In this paper, we test the investment development path theory for countries based on the level of income using data from 1980 to 2019. Africa offers unique data as it is the only continent made up of entirely developing countries together with countries that fit into all four classifications based on income. Income level classifications appear to enhance the position of countries within the investment development path ahead of that based on the United Nations classification. The use of income classification should complement that of the United Nations in the empirical testing of the investment development path theory for a more current investment development path status.

scholarly journals Economic Security Management of Insurance Services Market of Ukraine: The Theoretical Aspects and Practical Recommendations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (523) ◽  
pp. 156-162
Author(s):  
R. V. Kobko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The article is aimed at defining the theoretical aspects of managing the economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, searching for ways to develop special practical recommendations to solve the outlined problem. In the context of transformational changes and globalization metamorphoses, the issue of ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market in Ukraine is one of the priorities. The article discusses the risk factors influencing the provision of a high level of economic security of the insurance services market of Ukraine, analyzes the mechanisms for managing the economic security of the insurance services market. Particular attention is paid to the characterization of models of the State regulation of economic security of the insurance services market of the countries of the world, which helps to form the main emphasis on the state of development of the insurance services market of Ukraine. The practice of developed countries of the world indicates the inadmissibility of such a mechanism for ensuring economic balance as insurance premiums, and the need to focus on the formation of insurance reserves. Based on the practice of the developed countries of the world, it is advisable to summarize the mechanisms for ensuring the economic security of the insurance services market as a single system, monitoring of which will ensure systematic economic development, quick managerial decisions in transformational conditions and attraction of investment funds for long-term strategic planning. In addition, the article draws a parallel between ensuring a high level of economic security of the insurance services market and the development of the Ukrainian economy in the context of a rapid change in external influence factors, involving priority mechanisms for ensuring the long-term investment development of the country. The main directions of improvement of the State regulation of economic security of insurance services market are proposed.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Disorders in Agriculture: A Review from Web of Science Core Collection

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Manuel Barneo-Alcántara ◽  
Manuel Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Marta Gómez-Galán ◽  
Ángel Carreño-Ortega ◽  
Ángel-Jesús Callejón-Ferre
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Core Collection ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The World ◽  
The Web

Agricultural workers suffer from many work-related illnesses. Some of the most common include musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). These types of disorders are caused by diverse factors. This research study intends to demonstrate the worldwide concern for MSD in agriculture. The objective is to compile and recognize in detail all the available studies on musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture developed in the world and by countries in the last 26 years. The Web of Science database was used for this purpose. Two hundred and fifty-six documents were found, of which 221 were finally selected for inclusion in the study. The studies span a period from 1995 to 2020. Of these, studies that were linked to improving sustainability stood out. Most of the research of this type emanates from developed countries. The conclusions to be drawn are that few countries pay attention to this area and that preventive measures are insufficient. Mechanization and improvement in work methods and organization are methods to reduce risks.

Information Technology and Economic Development in Developing Countries

2011 ◽  
pp. 14-30
Author(s):  
Muhammed Karatas ◽  
Selahattin Bekmez
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Technological Gap ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Within last decades, there were very high level of increase of information technology production. This production successfully speeds up technological changes in only developed countries. Such a situation results use of existing knowledge as input in production of new knowledge in monopoly of developed countries. Developing countries are, however, still struggling with their own socio-politic and/or socio-economic problems. This process create a bigger technological gap between developed and developing countries. One of the reasons for that is lack of physical and human capital in developing countries. This is common problem in the world and necessary precautions should be taken in timely manner. This study discusses the problematic issues of information technology creation in both developed and developing countries and suggest some solutions.

World Cities Beyond the West: Globalization, Development and Inequality

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 954-955
Author(s):  
Michael Timberlake
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
The West ◽  
World Cities ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Second Tier ◽  
Lower Income Countries

World Cities Beyond the West: Globalization, Development and Inequality, Josef Gugler, ed., Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2004, pp. xv, 396.This book seeks to redress what its editor regards as an imbalance in the social science discourse on globalization and cities by providing a collection of research on cities in the global South, in the lower income countries of the world. In his introduction to the book, much of which could stand on its own as a valuable contribution, Gugler demonstrates that many cities “beyond the core” are involved in articulations that span broad regions of the world, if not always the whole world. Gugler also warns of the tendency to over-generalize across these “second tier” cities, insisting that scholarship needs to attend to the unique history, context and culture (especially political culture) of each city.

scholarly journals Access to COVID-19 Vaccines in High-, Middle-, and Low-Income Countries Hosting Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Ramachandran ◽  
Joseph S. Ross ◽  
Jennifer E Miller
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World ◽  
Lower Income Countries

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the rapid development of multiple vaccines, vaccines that were tested in clinical trials located in several countries around the world. Because prior research has shown that pharmaceuticals do not receive consistent and timely authorization for use in lower-income countries where they are tested, we conducted a cross-sectional study examining the authorization or approval and delivery for COVID-19 vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) in the countries where they were tested. While countries of varying incomes have largely authorized the COVID-19 vaccines tested within their populations for use, high-income countries have received proportionately more doses, enabling them to more fully vaccinate their populations. As many lower-income countries continue to experience inequitable shortfalls in COVID-19 vaccine supply amid the ongoing pandemic, efforts must be undertaken to ensure timely access in countries across all income groups, including those hosting clinical trials.

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