Advanced Automatic Generation Control with Automatic Compensation of Tie-Line Losses

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 807-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan S. Ćalović
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Automatic Compensation ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

scholarly journals AGC of multi area power system based PSO under deregulated conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1446
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jasim Sultan ◽  
Falah Noori Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
System Response ◽  
Area Control Error ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization Technique ◽  
Power Flow Controller ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

In This research PIDF (Proportional Integral Derivative with Filter) is suggested to control the ACE (area control error) signal of automatic generation control circuit (AGC) for two-area multi units system under deregulated conditions, each area consist of two thermal reheat units with physical GRC (generating rate constrain). The parameters of the PIDF controller are tuned using PSO (particle swarm optimization) technique. To improve the system performance, Redox Flow Batteries (RFB) is presented in one area and one of FACTS components IPFC (Inter Line Power Flow Controller) is installed in tie line. The performance of the proposed controller is assessed under different working conditions of deregulated power market. Finally, a comparison will be made on the system response when testing with varying the load conditions and system parameter through MATLAB environment 2015Rb.  

scholarly journals Improved Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S8) ◽  
pp. 1136-1139
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Dynamic Reaction ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line ◽  
The Way

In present day manage frameworks situation, the most intense significance is given to interconnection of different frameworks on the way to meet the dynamical modifications in burdens additionally energy movements via specific elements. it's miles essential to manipulate the framework recurrence and tie-line streams of an interconnected electricity framework. Albeit, normal controllers are applied to meet the ones conditions, yet on the same time a a success controller is required for powerful manage. in this paper, an progressed programmed age manipulate (AGC) with fluffy cause for a -zone heat hydro manage framework is exhibited. Contingent on the factors of burden, required suggestions are completed to improve enduring us of a and dynamic reaction of two-place manage framework. The adequacy of proposed controller is stated via making use of MATLAB/Simulink programming.

scholarly journals Automatic Generation Control of a Two Area Thermal-Thermal Deregulated Power System with HES and TCPS units for Unscheduled Interchange Price Signals

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 7231-7237
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Control Input ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Price Signals ◽  
Deregulated Power System ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

Automatic Generation Control (AGC) plot for two area inter-connected thermal to thermal Deregulated Power System (DPS) utilizing Unscheduled Interchange (UI) price signal, which has an effect on the power markets is proposed in the paper. Unscheduled Interchange price is one of the most important parts of Availability Based Tariff (ABT) which goes about as an optional control system for regulating the grid frequency. These UI price signals vacillate according to change in grid frequencies which can be open by the participants (generator or load) associated with the grid. The customary AGC system, however, attempts to carry the error of frequency to 0, yet it will be an ineffectual answer for taking an interest producing penalty deviations with frequency. This plan additionally gives the system operator adaptability to plan the generation in an ideal way. In this examination, the execution of a Proportional Integral (PI) controller is proposed because beneficial AGC of 2 area thermal and thermal deregulated system works under the impacts of bi-lateral contracts over the dynamics. The tuning of PI controller parameters is illuminated by utilizing a Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm. Further to improve the AGC performance, the Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) units is incorporated into its control area which can adequately moist the electromechanical motions in a power system, as they give guarantee from the storage limit notwithstanding the generator rotors dynamic energy which can share abrupt deviations in power requirement. The Thyristor Controlled Phase Shifter is proposed in arrangement with tie line between any inter-connected areas that may be applied to balance out frequency motions of the area by fast control of power in tie line over the interconnections. Execution of HES-TCPS units' blend captures the underlying frequency fall just as the power deviations in tie line for an abrupt load unsettling influence and the outcomes show that the charges of UI are extensively limited while keeping up at normal frequency worth. Furthermore, proposed strategy yields an eminent decrease in the control input deviation yet, in addition, guarantees superior soundness for the unscheduled interchange price signals therefore, the market participants can get benefit accordingly.

scholarly journals Bi-Level Model Predictive Control for Optimal Coordination of Multi-Area Automatic Generation Control Units under Wind Power Integration

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Xia ◽  
Liu
Keyword(s):  
Model Predictive Control ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Frequency Stability ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Level Model ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

With the high degree of wind power penetration integrated into multi-area AC/DC interconnected power grids, the frequency regulation capacity of automatic generation control (AGC) units is not sufficient in the wind power-penetrated area, making it difficult to effectively suppress the frequency stability caused by the fluctuation of wind power. Therefore, a coordinated control strategy for AGC units across areas based on bi-level model predictive control is proposed in this paper to achieve resource sharing. The control scheme uses economic model predictive control to realize steady power optimal allocation of the AGC units across areas in the upper layer and distributed model predictive control to realize dynamic frequency optimization control of the multi-area AGC units in the lower layer. Taking a three-area AC/DC interconnected power grid with a wind farm as an example, the simulation results show that, compared with model predictive control using tie-line frequency bias control (TBC) mode, the proposed control strategy can not only effectively maintain tie-line safety and frequency stability, but can also reduce the regulation cost of multi-area AGC units.

scholarly journals Meta-Heuristic Algorithm Optimized Fuzzy PID Controlled AGC of Three Area Power System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 2493-2499
Keyword(s):  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Fuzzy Pid ◽  
Control Error ◽  
Area Control Error ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

The problem of automatic generation control (AGC) is a major concern in power utilities; it plays a major role of the complicated structure and dimension of the multi-area systems. Automatic Generation Control's main intention in the multi-area system is to maintain the frequency of each control area and remain the tie-line power flows within the many defined tolerance limits by modifying the Automatic Generation Control generators’ actual power outputs to accommodate the changing load requirements. Frequency control is accomplished through the primary control mechanism or the governor control mechanism. But the Area Control Error (ACE) always present in the system. The secondary controllers are surmounting this ACE to zero. The design tunes the controllers to enhance the better dynamic performance and stability of these eccentric conditions. The goal of this work is to diminish area control error, settle time, under-shoots and over-shoots of frequency divergence and net interchange tie-line error. Generally the gain values of the PID Control parameters obtain by tribulation and error technique and it need additional computation time. To reduce this obscurity of tuning of PID gains Evolutionary algorithm approach can be habituated to optimize the PID gains. Fuzzy – PID have been employed with different objective to enhance the efficient optimal solutions to the three area system. In this proposed study, GWO technique used to maximize Fuzzy-based PID controller's Proportional, Integral and Derivative gains in Three Area System.

Automatic Generation Control of Interconnected Power System using Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-35
Author(s):  
Shanchari Laik ◽  
Shatabdi Dey ◽  
Puja Das ◽  
Sneha Sultana ◽  
Sourav Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

Automatic generation control (AGC) is added in power system to ensure constancy in frequency and tie-line power of an interconnected multi-area power system. In this article, proportional integral (PI) controlled based AGC of two-area hydrothermal system is solved by cuckoo optimization algorithm (COA). It is one of the most powerful stochastic real parameter optimization in current use. The design objective is to improve the dynamic performance of the interconnected system following a disturbance. System performance is examined considering 1% step load perturbation in thermal area with generation rate constraints. The results are compared with BBO, GA and DE to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Computed results shows that the proposed method effectively improve the performance of the objective function with corresponding minimization of the overshoot, undershoot and settling time to reach steady state.

scholarly journals GA Technique to Solve the AGC Problem of Thermal Generating Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

In a large-scale power system, Automatic Generation Control (AGC) is responsible to area load changes and abnormal imprecise system operating parameters essentially means very fast minimization of area frequency deviations and mutual tie line power flow deviations of the areas for satisfactory and stable operation of the system. Some technique gives the good results in normal operation but in abnormal condition, it take large time to settle down the load disturbance, which is harmful for the system. New approach (Genetic Algorithm (GA) Technique) provides better control performance over frequency deviations and tie line power flow deviations due to a normal and abnormal operating condition of sudden load changes. In this paper six area model of thermal generating units has been developed and simulated in MATLAB Simulink software. Response of the developed model has been obtained by GA technique and compared with the other technique like; fuzzy, PID. Tabulated result shows that the GA technique give the better performance over the other technique due to settle down the frequency and tie line power flow deviations in less time and maintain the system constancy.

scholarly journals Pseudo-Derivative Feedback Controller for Automatic Generation Control in a Deregulated Power System with Hydrogen Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-94
Author(s):  
G. Ganesan Subramanian ◽  
T. Suresh Padmanabhan ◽  
I.A. Chidambaram ◽  
B. Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Test System ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Deregulated Power System ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

This paper is focused on design and application of Pseudo-Derivative Feedback (PDF) controller for Automatic Generation Control (AGC) of a two-area thermal reheat interconnected power system treated in deregulated condition. The proposed controller gains are tuned simultaneously using Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) in order to achieve the optimal transient response of the test system. The control performance of the PDF controller is compared with Proportional Integral (PI) and Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controllers. Further to improve the AGC performance, Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) are included in its control area. The execution of HES unit captures the underlying fall in frequency as well as the tie line control power deviations after a sudden load unsettling influence. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed PDF controller enhance the dynamic response of the deregulated power system as compared with PI and PID contrtoller. The frequency oscillation and tie-line power deviations in the control zones are reduced and the settling time is additionally enhanced when HES unit takes an interest in the frequency regulation along with the traditional generators. Additionally, the Power System Restoration Indices (PSRI) is figured in view of system dynamic performances and the remedial measures to be taken can be decreed. These PSRI shows that the ancillary service requirement to enhances the effectiveness of physical task of the power system with the expanded transmission limit in the system. The presence of an Hydrogen Energy Storage (HES) water electrolyser coupled to a fuel cell improves significantly the control and operation of an energy system and provides good margin of stability of the grid system compared to that a system without HES unit.

Analysis of Performance of Several Types of Classical Controller in Automatic Generation Control for an Interconnected Power System

2011 ◽  
Vol 354-355 ◽  
pp. 964-967
Author(s):  
Guo Wei Dong ◽  
Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Automatic Generation Control ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Proportional Integral Derivative ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Proportional Integral ◽  
Analysis Of Performance ◽  
Generation Control ◽  
Tie Line

This paper presents automatic generation control (AGC) of interconnected two equal area power system provided with single reheat turbine and generation rate constraints of 3% per minute. This paper also contrasts to control performance of several types of classical controller, include of Integral (I), Proportional – Integral (PI), Integral – Derivative (ID), Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID), or Integral – Double Derivative (IDD). With 1% step load perturbation in area1, controllers’ performance analysis can be taken by frequency deviation, tie-line power deviation, and input signal of governor.

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