Rear-seat occupant demographics in rear impacts: Analysis of NASS-CDS

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Chantal S. Parenteau ◽  
David C. Viano ◽  
Edmund C. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Rear Seat ◽  
Rear Impacts

Biomechanical Study of Rear Child Chest Injury Measures Related to Collapsing Front Seats in Rear Impacts

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Anthony Sances ◽  
Srirangam Kumaresan ◽  
Steve Meyer ◽  
Joseph Lawson Burton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surrogate Data ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Chest Injury ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Rear Seating

Government recommendations have been made to place children into the rear seating areas of motor vehicles in order to alleviate airbag hazards in frontal impact. In most moderate to severe rear impacts, however, the adult occupied front seats will “yield” or “collapse” into the rear seat area and thus pose another potential head and chest injury hazard to the rear seated children. Numerous factors or variables, each with a wide parameter range, influence whether or not an occupied collapsing front seat will result in engagement with the rear occupant, and whether that engagement is likely to cause injury to the rear-seated occupant. A combined experimental and analytical method, employing instrumented surrogates in a sled-buck test set-up, has been utilized to study the multivariable potential injury problem of the rear-seated child in rear impact. A 3 year-old H-III surrogate, seated in the built-in booster seat of a minivan, was used as the rear seat passenger in this study. Five tests were utilized. The experimental surrogate data from the test method is combined into a “polynomial response function” that expresses “injury levels” (i.e. HIC and chest G) as a function of the many variables, and allows for analytical “interpolation and extrapolation” at variable combinations and ranges not tested. Actual accident cases were compared with the biomechanical injury measures. The present study presents a methodology to delineate the biomechanics of injuries using multivariate analysis.

The Risk of Whiplash Injury in the Rear Seat Compared to the Front Seat in Rear Impacts

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Krafft ◽  
Anders Kullgren ◽  
Anders Lie ◽  
Claes Tingvall
Keyword(s):  
Whiplash Injury ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Rear Impacts

Comparison of Head Impact Data for Occupant Computer Predictions and Sled-Buck Crash Tests of Front Adult to Rear Child Interaction in Rear Impact

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Anthony Sances ◽  
Srirangam Kumaresan ◽  
Mark Pozzi ◽  
Todd K. Saczalski
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Computer Code ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Head Injury Criteria ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
Impact Data

In this study, computer simulations of rear impacts were performed with an available ATB (Articulated Total Body) computer code to demonstrate an efficient and accurate means for assessing safety performance and hazards associated with occupied front seat collapse into a rear seat area occupied by children. The analysis considered a wide range of different sized front-seated adults (i.e. 50 kg females to 110 kg males), various types of front seats with a range of ultimate collapse strengths (i.e. 3.5kN up to 12.5kN), and various impact severities with speed changes between 20 to 50 kph. A 3 year-old child was used as the model for the rear child surrogate seated in the backbench seat of a 2-door sedan. An actual vehicle crash pulse was used as the basis for the analysis pulses. After performing the computer analysis predictions, sled-buck experimental tests were run with the same parameter range, and a full vehicle interior, to validate the human model predictions. Predicted head accelerations for the rear seated child and the front-seated adult were compared with the test results. Good correlation was achieved for the predicted and test head accelerations, as well as the resultant “head injury criteria” curves with actual accident cases of injured children.

Study of Seat System Performance Related to Injury of Rear Seated Children and Infants in Rear Impacts

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Saczalski ◽  
Joseph Lawson Burton ◽  
Paul R. Lewis ◽  
Keith Friedman ◽  
Todd K. Saczalski
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle ◽  
Booster Seats ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Speed Change ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Rear Impacts

Since 1996 the NHTSA has warned of the airbag deployment injury risk to front seated children and infants, during frontal impact, and they have recommended that children be placed in the rear seating areas of motor vehicles. However, during most rear impacts the adult occupied front seats will collapse into the rear occupant area and, as such, pose another potentially serious injury risk to the rear seated children and infants who are located on rear seats that are not likely to collapse. Also, in the case of higher speed rear impacts, intrusion of the occupant compartment may cause the child to be shoved forward into the rearward collapsing front seat occupant thereby increasing impact forces to the trapped child. This study summarizes the results of more than a dozen actual accident cases involving over 2-dozen rear-seated children, where 7 children received fatal injuries, and the others received injuries ranging from severely disabling to minor injury. Types of injuries include, among others: crushed skulls and brain damage; ruptured hearts; broken and bruised legs; and death by post-crash fires when the children became entrapped behind collapsed front seat systems. Several rear-impact crash tests, utilizing sled-bucks and vehicle-to-vehicle tests, are used to examine the effects of front seat strength and various types of child restraint systems, such as booster seats and child restraint seats (both forward and rearward facing), in relation to injury potential of rear seated children and infants. The tests utilized sedan and minivan type vehicles that were subjected to speed changes ranging from about 20 to 50 kph (12 to 30 mph), with an average G level per speed change of about 9 to 15. The results indicate that children and infants seated behind a collapsing driver seat, even in low severity rear impacts of less than 25 kph, encounter a high risk of serious or fatal injury, whether or not rear intrusion takes place. Children seated in other rear seat positions away from significant front seat collapse, such as behind the stronger “belt-integrated” types of front seats or rearward but in between occupied collapsing front seat positions, are less likely to be as seriously injured.

Effects of Front Seat Performance Failure on Rear Seat Occupant Injuries in Rear Impacts

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Friedman ◽  
Tim Kenney ◽  
Jack Bish ◽  
Kemal Atesmen
Keyword(s):  
Rear Seat ◽  
Crash Severity ◽  
Front Seat ◽  
Occupant Injuries ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
Rear Impacts ◽  
A Performance

Abstract An analysis of rear end accidents involving rear seat occupants seated behind a front seat occupant was conducted examining the probability of serious injury as a function of both crash severity and front seat performance failure. Seat performance failure is when some element of the seat fails to do what it is designed to do, e.g. a seat back lock allows the seat back to move during the collision. The results suggest that the risk of serious injury is greater in the 6.7-11.2 m/s Delta-V crash severity range when the seat in front of the occupant suffers a performance failure.

scholarly journals Rear-Seat Productivity in Virtual Reality: Investigating VR Interaction in the Confined Space of a Car

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Ceenu George ◽  
Andrea Ngao ◽  
Kai Holländer ◽  
Stefan Mayer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Physical Restraints ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Research And Design

Ubiquitous technology lets us work in flexible and decentralised ways. Passengers can already use travel time to be productive, and we envision even better performance and experience in vehicles with emerging technologies, such as virtual reality (VR) headsets. However, the confined physical space constrains interactions while the virtual space may be conceptually borderless. We therefore conducted a VR study (N = 33) to examine the influence of physical restraints and virtual working environments on performance, presence, and the feeling of safety. Our findings show that virtual borders make passengers touch the car interior less, while performance and presence are comparable across conditions. Although passengers prefer a secluded and unlimited virtual environment (nature), they are more productive in a shared and limited one (office). We further discuss choices for virtual borders and environments, social experience, and safety responsiveness. Our work highlights opportunities and challenges for future research and design of rear-seat VR interaction.

scholarly journals Laboratory studies of the influence of the working position of the passenger vehicle air suspension on the vibration comfort of children transported in the child restraint system

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 470-482
Author(s):  
Damian Frej ◽  
Andrzej Zuska ◽  
Emilia M. Szumska
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Vehicle Suspension ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Air Suspension ◽  
Child Restraint ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Vertical Vibrations ◽  
Child Restraint System

Abstract The article presents the results of laboratory tests on the influence of the choice of the vehicle suspension position and the method of mounting child seats on the vibration comfort of children transported in them. Two child seats were used in the work. The B seat was attached to the vehicle with the ISOfix system, while the A seat was attached in the classic way (with seat belts). During the tests, the values of vertical vibrations were recorded on the seats of child seats, the rear seat of the vehicle and on the basis of ISOfix. The analyzed systems, depending on the method of mounting a child seat, may be characterized by two different vibration transmission chains. They depend on the method of fixing the child seat (the classic way of fixing the seat and the ISOFIX system). The article presents the results of empirical tests carried out at the EUSAMA SA.640 stand, which in these tests acted as a vibration generator with a frequency of 0 to 25 Hz. The analysis of the obtained results confirmed the observations published in previous articles about the negative impact of the use of the ISOfix base on the vibrational comfort of children.

Rear seat belt use in the United Arab Emirates

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salaheddine Bendak ◽  
Sara S. Alnaqbi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Seat Belt ◽  
Rear Seat ◽  
Seat Belt Use
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document