Response of Pistachio Trees to Alternate Bearing and Foliar Application of Zinc and Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Akbar Soliemanzadeh ◽  
Vahid Mozafari
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Pistachio Trees

scholarly journals Response of alternate bearing of “Badamy sefid” Pistachio cultivar to foliar application of some macro and micro elements

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Davarynejad ◽  
E. Davarynejad
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Zinc Fertilizer ◽  
Control Application ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Pistachio Trees

Response of “Badamy sefid” Pistachio trees to spraying of fertilizer was studied over two years (2006–2007). The boron and zinc fertilizer were used just on swelling time of female flower bud in compare to no fertilization (control). Also nutritional solution combined of nitrogen (400 ppm), phosphorus (P2O5) (380 ppm), potasium (K2O) (520 ppm), Fe (5 ppm), Cu (2 ppm), Zn (2 ppm), Mn (2 ppm) in 1000 liter water per hectare sprayed at first week of May, third week of June and July). The concentration of some macro and micro elements in flower bud and in leaves, also productivity (g/shoot sectional area) mean nut weight, fresh weight of nut per cm2 branch cross sectional area, blanks nuts %, non-split nut %, new shoot growth length after cessation of growth and remained flower bud (%) at the next spring were recorded for the different treatments. The results showed that boron and zinc concentration increased in the bud of sprayed trees in compare to control. Application of nutritional solution decreased the flower bud abscission, also resulted in increased vegetative growth, nut weight, and productivity of trees. In conclusion, spraying of fertilizers in the suitable time to the pistachio trees might be a useful method in decreasing flower bud abscission and mitigating the alternate bearing.

scholarly journals Macronutrient Allocation to Leaves and Fruit of Mature, Alternate-bearing Pistachio Trees: Magnitude and Seasonal Patterns at the Whole-canopy Level

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Picchioni ◽  
P.H. Brown ◽  
S.A. Weinbaum ◽  
T.T. Muraoka
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Seed Fill ◽  
N Resorption ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Pistachio Trees

Estimates of leaflet and fruit macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) accumulation and resorption were developed in six (three heavily cropping, on-year and three noncropping, off-year) mature pistachio (Pistacia vera L. `Kerman') trees over three growing seasons during three stages of phenology [the spring growth flush (April to June); seed fill (late June to September); and leaf senescence (September to November)]. Crop load influenced total nutrient content per tree in annual organs (leaves and fruit), the relative allocation of nutrients between leaves and fruit, temporal patterns of nutrient accumulation in annual organs, and the magnitude of net leaf nutrient resorption per tree prior to leaf fall. In off-year trees, macronutrient accumulation in annual organs (leaves) was concentrated during the spring flush of growth. In contrast, significant macronutrient accumulation in annual organs of on-year trees (leaves plus fruit) occurred not only during the spring flush of growth but also during seed fill. Duration and magnitude of macronutrient accumulation were greater in on-year vs. off-year trees. Fruit N and P demand during seed fill was partially met by a net decrease in the N and P contents of the pericarp. These decreases in pericarp nutrient content during seed fill were equivalent to 32% and 26% of embryo accumulation of N and P, respectively. Fruit demand for N, P, and K during the spring flush of “on” years was accompanied by reduced leaf N, P, and K contents per tree. Net leaf N, Ca, and Mg resorption per tree during leaf senescence differed with crop load. Net leaf N resorption was significantly greater in off-year trees than on-year trees. Leaf N resorption presumably represents an important component of the N pool stored in perennial tree parts during dormancy. The greater leaf N resorption following “off” years was a function of greater leaf N concentration and greater leaf biomass per tree. In contrast, net leaf resorption of Ca and Mg was greater in on-year vs. off-year trees. Experimental validation of the magnitude and periodicity of nutrient uptake by mature pistachio trees is needed during the alternate-bearing cycle, especially in light of the potential contribution of current fertilization practices to groundwater contamination.

scholarly journals Effect of Fall Defoliation and Spring Shading on Shoot Carbohydrate and Growth Parameters among Individual Branches of Alternate Bearing `Kerman' Pistachio Trees

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muntubani D.S. Nzima ◽  
George C. Martin ◽  
Chic Nishijima
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates ◽  
Carbohydrate Storage ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Artificial Shading ◽  
Pistachio Trees

Early fall (September) defoliation and late spring (early June) shading of “off” and “on” pistachio trees were used to test two hypotheses: that 1) fall defoliation would reduce carbohydrate storage sufficiently to suppress spring growth and 2) spring shading would reduce carbohydrate status and increase inflorescence bud abscission. Defoliation suppressed initial leaf area expansion the following spring on current year shoots of “off” but not “on” trees respectively. Suppression of leaf size was correlated with the initial low concentration of carbohydrates in organs of individual branches of the tree. Fruiting and artificial shading in June had more dramatic effects on growth parameters than defoliating. Shading “off” trees for 14 days in early June accelerated abscission of inflorescence buds, reduced dry mass of individual leaves, buds, current year and 1-year-old shoots. Shading also reduced the concentration of total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) of these organs in “off” and “on” trees. Fruiting suppressed leaf size and leaf dry mass by 20% and 30% among individual branches of undefoliated and defoliated trees respectively. Low carbohydrate concentrations in individual branches and inflorescence buds following shading were closely correlated with the abscission of inflorescence buds.

scholarly journals Effect of Spraying Zinc, Copper And Iron on Leaf Nutrient, Fruit Set And Some Fruit Quality of Pistachio Trees (pistacia Vera L.) Cv. Halebi

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-227
Author(s):  
Zulaikha Ramadhan Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Pistachio Trees

This study was conducted at a private orchard in the Ekmale village of Duhok Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq during growing season (2020) to evaluate the effect of foliar sprays of three concentrations of zinc (0, 750, and 1500 mg.L−1 ), three concentrations of copper (0, 100, and 200 mg.L−1 ) and three concentrations of iron (0, 150, and 300 mg.L−1 ) on leaf nutrient, fruit set, as well as yield and quality of 18- years old " Halebi " pistachio trees. The nutrition solutions were sprayed on trees at two times (bud swell stage and green tip stage). Based on the obtained results, fruit set percentage, yield, and leaf nutrient were significantly affected by foliar application of a zinc, copper and iron each alone. In combination, the triple interactions among 1500mg.L−1 zinc plus 200mg.L−1 copper and 300mg.L−1 iron was the most affected one which exceed significantly on the control treatment, Moreover, nutrient treatment had a significant effect on the percentage of blankness. In general, these results show that Zn, Cu and Fe fertilizers is necessary for obtaining better yield and fruit quality in " Halebi " pistachio trees.

scholarly journals Mechanical Topping Mitigates Alternate Bearing of `Kerman' Pistachios (Pistacia vera L.)

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1369-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Ferguson ◽  
J. Maranto ◽  
R. Beede
Keyword(s):  
Growth Pattern ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Alternate Bearing ◽  
Pistacia Atlantica ◽  
Pistachio Trees

The effects of four mechanical pruning treatments [hedging, topping, hedging/topping, and hand-pruning (control)] on nut yield, nut quality, alternate bearing, and growth of 14-year-old female `Kerman' pistachio trees on Pistacia atlantica L. rootstocks were assessed. A single pruning was done before an “off,” or low-crop, year followed by retopping of those treatments incorporating topping the first year. Over 7 years, yields of hedged/topped and topped trees were equal to those of control trees, while hedged trees produced significantly less. The incidence of nonsplit shells and blank nuts were not affected by pruning. Nuts weighed more all years for hedged/topped and topped trees than for the others. Alternate-bearing indices within 7 years were lower for pruning treatments incorporating topping. Topping mitigated the fluctuating annual vegetative growth pattern and resulted in 27% of the shoots retaining buds through three successive alternate-bearing cycles after the year of treatment. Hedged/topped and topped trees had significantly less alternation in annual girth growth than control or hedged trees. These results demonstrated that two successive seasons of mechanical topping, started before the off year, produced changes in shoot growth, trunk growth, and bud retention that mitigated alternate bearing through three biennial cycles, without decreasing yield. Thus, severe annual hand-pruning could be used to prevent or minimize alternate bearing of pistachios.

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