The ideal and the real: The status of women in Kelantan Malay Society

During the winter of 1922-1923 when she was just beginning her diplomatic career, Bolshevik activist Aleksandra Kollontai wrote two novels and several short stories that were immediately published in Russia and subsequently combined into two volumes under the titles Liubov’ pchel trudovykh and Zhenshchina na perelome. They were dismissed as mere autobiographical romances, indulging in unhealthy introspection and dangerously divorced from the “real” demands of society. At a time when Soviet Russia was facing enormous challenges connected with the reconstruction after the civil war and with the partial return to a market economy under the New Economic Policy (NEP), Kollontai's focus on domestic relationships and the status of women seemed narrow and excessively private.

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Introduction

Islam after Liberalism ◽

10.1093/oso/9780190851279.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Faisal Devji ◽

Zaheer Kazmi

Keyword(s):

Church And State ◽

The Real ◽

The Status ◽

History Of ◽

Litmus Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Status Of Women

The relationship between Islam and liberalism has been a subject of scholarly as much as popular debate for at least a century and a half. Its progress sometimes hailed and at other times found wanting, this relationship has been marked by the unchanging and even stereotypical terms in which it has been debated, including issues such as the separation of church and state, the status of women and the rights of non-Muslims. Each of these issues serves as a litmus test to measure the liberalism of Muslim individuals as well as societies, and each is also drawn from the real or imagined history of liberalism in Europe. However, as a historical and variable phenomenon, liberalism does not in fact possess a normative definition but constitutes a family of shifting and overlapping ideas having to do with the freedoms of property and contract, speech and movement, or of rights and representation....

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The Status of Women in the Novels of Najib Al-Kilani (Based on Two Novels of Jakarta's Virgin and The Man Who Believed

Theory and Practice in Language Studies ◽

10.17507/tpls.0606.24 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1315

Author(s):

Ahmad Lamei Giv ◽

Marziye Mohaghegh Nia

Keyword(s):

Analytical Method ◽

Social Economic ◽

Arab World ◽

Moral Values ◽

Muslim Woman ◽

The Real ◽

The Status ◽

Contemporary Writers ◽

The Right ◽

Status Of Women

Committed and contemporary Egyptian writer, Najib al-Kilani, is considered as a leader in Islamic literature in the Arab world due to the multitude of writings. Islam and promotion of Islamic principles is a major concern in most of his works. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this article tries to investigate the status of women in his novel’ Jakarta’s Virgin and The Man Who Believed. The findings suggest that Kilani, unlike its predecessors and even his contemporary writers, has not described the superficial and banal aspect of women, nut he has tried to promote true status appointed for a Muslim woman. Najib’s novels are taken from the real facts of his time. For him, women have the ability to participate in all social, economic areas by maintaining the moral values and standards of Islam as well as men. Kilani has also given women the right to select their own husbands; he insists much on the presence of common moral, cultural and religious points among couples to survive and continue sharing life.

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The daughter who gave up her inheritance: Ethnography of women’s inheritance rights and their application in contemporary Macedonian context

Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology ◽

10.21301/eap.v12i2.12 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Ana Ashtalkovska Gajtanoska

Keyword(s):

Ideal Model ◽

The Balkans ◽

General Terms ◽

Research Theme ◽

The Everyday ◽

The Status ◽

Traditional Norms ◽

Contemporary Context ◽

Status Of Women ◽

The Ideal

This text examines the experiences of several women ethnologists / anthropologists in regard to women’s inheritance rights and the traditional practices used in contemporary context in Macedonia. Women’s inheritance rights and traditional norms, which, according to the ideal model, recommend that a woman cannot be an heir of immovable property, are among the main associations of patriarchy on the Balkans. The women interlocutors in this research consistently hold on to the thesis that the term “patriarchy” is inadequate for describing in general terms the status of women in the radically divided periods of the traditional past or the contemporary context. Therefore, this situation entails a great methodological challenge in the context of the research theme, when the experiences from the everyday life of the researchers seem to contradict their theses in regard to patriarchy.

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The Science of Freedom: Hegel's Critical Theory

Hegel Bulletin ◽

10.1017/s0263523200007370 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (1-2) ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

William Maker

Keyword(s):

Critical Theory ◽

Theoretical Work ◽

Human Condition ◽

Empirical Science ◽

Founding Father ◽

The Real ◽

Real Material ◽

The Status ◽

Normative Dimension ◽

The Ideal

I am daily ever more convinced that theoretical work accomplishes more in the world than practical work. Once the realm of representation is revolutionized, actuality will not hold out. It is a sheer obstinacy, the obstinacy which does honor to mankind, to refuse to recognize in conviction anything not ratified by thought.HegelBoth Marx, the founding father of what later came to be known as critical theory, and those who follow in his footsteps, regard critical theory as distinctive in that it will combine the critically normative dimension of traditional philosophy with the strict attentiveness to given facts (to “the real … material world”) definitive of modern empirical science. Critical theory contends that its unique fusion of science and philosophy will overcome their respective defects, correcting both the uncritical passivity of natural science and the speculative utopianism of philosophy. By so doing, it promises to give birth to a new kind of theory with emancipatory power.Critical theorists from Marx to Habermas also see a thoroughgoing critique of Hegel as decisive for a critical theory. In their view, whatever insights Hegel may otherwise have provided, his philosophy is irreparably flawed because of its methodological commitment to a speculative method which cuts theory loose from reality and leads it to a distorted, mystically idealistic view of the human condition which is at once both Utopian and quietistic. According to critical theorists, Hegel's fundamental theoretical error lay in privileging the ideal over the real; because he does that, he is unable to get reality right. Consequently, he can neither comprehend freedom properly, as a normatively critical concept, nor understand the real conditions for freedom inherent in the status quo.

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The Ideal Woman?

China's Stefan Zweig ◽

10.21313/hawaii/9780824872083.003.0005 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Arnhilt Johanna Hoefle

Keyword(s):

Taiwan Strait ◽

Female Protagonists ◽

Gender Policy ◽

Bourgeois Society ◽

Ideal Woman ◽

Female Figures ◽

The Status ◽

The Taiwan Strait ◽

Status Of Women ◽

The Ideal

Zweig’s female protagonists have become famous in China as the “Zweig-style female figures” (Ciweige shi de nüxing xingxiang). Chapter Five asks what role the portrayal of femininity has played in Zweig’s poetics and their reception in post-Mao China. Employing a longstanding rhetoric that correlates the status of society and the status of women, Chinese critics argued that the depiction of suffering, emotional, and self-sacrificing female figures was the most powerful tool in Zweig’s critique of bourgeois society. Similar to female Chinese writers of the 1980s, such as Zhang Jie, feminist intellectuals thus started to return to a seemingly anachronistic concept of femininity. In this way, however, they were able to express their rejection of the Maoist gender policy and its promotion of gender sameness, thus also supporting a new regime that was eager to distance itself from its Maoist past. A discussion of how Zweig’s “women novellas” also crossed the Taiwan Strait and served the leadership under Deng Xiaoping in its new “peaceful” strategy to promote reunification concludes the chapter.

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Problems of Discourse Theory

10.1093/oso/9780198796831.003.0019 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 275-287

Author(s):

Robert Alexy

Keyword(s):

Discourse Theory ◽

The Real ◽

The Third ◽

The Status ◽

The Ideal

There are three groups of problems in discourse theory. The first group concerns the status of discourse theory as a theory of truth. The second group enquires into the practical applicability of discourse theory. The third group takes up the justification of discourse theory. The first two problems, namely the status and the applicability problems, are discussed in this chapter. The result is that the distinction between ideal discourse and real discourse provides an answer to the main questions. For the ideal discourse the idea of absolute procedural correctness is constitutive. The real procedural correctness plays its most important role as far as real discourses are concerned.

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