scholarly journals Challenges of open design in low-income communities: a case study of residential rainwater harvesting systems

CoDesign ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Argenton Freire ◽  
Jarkko Levänen ◽  
Jérémy Bonvoisin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Open Design ◽  
Harvesting Systems

scholarly journals Gutter Design and Business Development for Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Systems: A Case Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Jillian Zankowski ◽  
Yixin Sun ◽  
Abdalla Nassar ◽  
Khanjan Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
And Performance

Rainwater harvesting is a simple and effective tool to collect and store water for domestic and institutional use. In developing countries, captured rainwater can be used to replace or supplement government-supplied or manually-transported water. A rainwater harvesting system consists of a catchment area, gutter, and storage tank. Gutters typically have a V-shaped, trapezoidal or rectangular cross-section. This work presents a case study on the design and performance analysis of three conventional and one novel, “wrapped” gutter cross-section along with the implementation of a novel gutter design in the developing world. A Team of undergraduate students performed the design and analysis and, though a service-learning experience in May 2013, investigated barriers to implementing rainwater harvesting in central Kenya. It was found that while gutters can be easily fabrication and installed using locally-available materials and skill-sets, for consumer, the potential return on investment was low and the cost of implementation was high. For producers and installers, non-uniform roof designs and conditions was a major obstacle.

Alternative Solutions for Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems Integrating Areas of Irregular Urban Growth with the Formal City

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo G. Miguez ◽  
Aline P. Verol ◽  
Raphael B. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Small Reservoir ◽  
System Solution ◽  
Effective Drainage ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The main objective of this paper is to propose an alternative for the stormwater management in low-income communities, settled in urban vertical slums, located in areas with insufficient infrastructure and degraded environment. A case study located in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil, is presented. The high slopes of the studied area are used to favor the superficial flows, generating alternatives for the traditional stormdrains used to collect the runoff of the upstream reaches. A small reservoir is proposed for each house, reducing flood volumes by allowing rainwater harvesting, and a greater retention reservoir is introduced as a storage measure for connecting the microdrainage coming from the informal city to the formal city. The different scenarios were simulated with the aid of a mathematical model called MODCEL and the results showed that it is possible to apply an effective drainage system solution in informal areas, without affecting the already implemented downstream formal drainage network. The retention reservoir proposed also introduces the possibility to act in improving the water quality to downstream areas, although this complementary aspect is not developed in this study.

Financial feasibility and environmental analysis of potential rainwater harvesting systems: A case study in Spain

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 130-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tito Morales-Pinzón ◽  
Rodrigo Lurueña ◽  
Joan Rieradevall ◽  
Carles M. Gasol ◽  
Xavier Gabarrell
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Analysis ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Financial Feasibility ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Elevating the standard: a professionalized approach to community-based rainwater harvesting systems in Uganda

Waterlines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Tanner J. S. Hoffman ◽  
Alinaitwe Collins ◽  
Joseph Lwere ◽  
James B. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Management Support ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Water Project ◽  
Community Institutions ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

Where water resources are limited, rainwater harvesting (RWH) can provide on-site access to improved water sources. Community institutions are uniquely positioned to benefit from RWH; advocates have encouraged the installation of community-based RWH systems as a way to ameliorate water supply insufficiencies in low-income settings. However, poor quality RWH system installations and insufficient attention to management support have resulted in sustainability challenges, necessitating a commitment to higher standards for community-based RWH. Spurred on by an iterative learning cycle and commitment to innovation, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved RWH system design, installation, and management practices that are well adapted to Ugandan institutions. By investing in a professional crew, high-quality materials, and post-installation support, the Ugandan Water Project has achieved 96 per cent functionality two years after installation. The professionalized approach that the Ugandan Water Project employs can be used as a model to guide future RWH system installations in Uganda and elsewhere.

Importance of maintenance in rainwater harvesting systems: a case study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Young Lee ◽  
Hyoungju Kim ◽  
Mooyoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Proper Operation

In this study, the quality of collected rainwater at a downtown middle school rainwater harvesting system was evaluated by measuring physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), NO3, PO4, total coliform (TC), Escherichia coli , and some metals (i.e. Al, Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, As, Cd, and Pb) (2003 to 2011). The analysis shows that the collected water quality is poor, which presents health, considering the high levels of bacterial indicators detected in the harvested rainwater, i.e. turbidity (1.4 to 15.5 NTU) and E. coli (120 and 35 CFU/100 mL in 2007 to 210 and 60 CFU/100 mL in 2011). This study shows that deteriorating water quality was caused by system contamination due to the absence of maintenance. Based on this study, proper operation and maintenance are generally the simplest and most effective ways of maintaining water quality.

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