scholarly journals Approaches, achievements, challenges, and lessons learned in setting up an urban-based Health and Demographic Surveillance System in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1874138
Author(s):  
Sunday A. Adedini ◽  
Dineo Thaele ◽  
Matshidiso Sello ◽  
Portia Mutevedzi ◽  
Cleopas Hywinya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Lessons Learned

scholarly journals Childhood Undernutrition and Its Predictors in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site in South Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perpetua Modjadji ◽  
Sphiwe Madiba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
Childhood Undernutrition ◽  
Maternal Overweight

Background: Overweight and obesity are increasing at an alarming rate in South Africa, while childhood undernutrition remains persistently high. This study determined the magnitude and predictors of stunting and underweight among schoolchildren in the Dikgale and Health Demographic Surveillance System Site, a rural site in South Africa. Methods: A cross sectional study using multistage sampling was conducted among 508 schoolchildren and their mothers. Anthropometric measurements were taken from children and their mothers, while sociodemographic information was obtained from mothers using a questionnaire. The World Health Organization Anthro Plus was used to generate height-for-age and weight-for-age z-scores to indicate stunting and underweight, respectively, among the children. Maternal overweight and obesity were assessed using body mass index. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the predictors of stunting and underweight among schoolchildren. Results: Twenty-two percent (22%) of children were stunted and 27% were underweight, while 27.4% of the mothers were overweight and 42.3% were obese. The odds of being stunted were lower in younger children, whereas having a mother who was overweight/obese and had a short stature increased the odds of stunting. Access to water, having a refrigerator, and having a young mother were protective against being underweight. Having a mother who was overweight/obese increased the odds of being underweight. Conclusions: The study showed a high prevalence of stunting and underweight among children, and overweight and obesity among mothers, indicating a household double burden of malnutrition. The age of the child and maternal overweight/obesity and short stature were predictors of stunting and underweight, while having a younger mother and access to water and a refrigerator were protective against being underweight. The need for an evidence-based and feasible nutrition program for schoolchildren, especially those in rural schools, cannot be over-emphasized.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Mothers of Primary School Children Living in a Rural Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 518-528
Author(s):  
Perpetua Modjadji
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Monthly Income

Background: South Africa continues to have significant high prevalence rate of overweight/obesity relative to its African counterparts, particularly, among women, owing to several factors such as nutrition transition and socio-demographic factors. Nonetheless, little is known about the socio-demographic determinants of overweight/obesity, especially in the rural settings. Objective: To investigate the socio-demographic determinants of overweight and obesity among mothers of primary school children living in a rural Dikgale Health and Demographic Surveillance System Site in South Africa Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 508 mothers of primary school children from a rural setting. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by dividing the body weight by height squared and the prevalence of overweight (BMI ≥ 25–29.9 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) were determined. The socio-demographic variables were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain any relationships with overweight/obesity as an outcome measure. Data were analyzed using STATA 14. Results: The response rate was 98%. The mean age of mothers was 37±7years. Mothers were charecterized by singlehood (63%), unemployed (82%) and low literacy (41%). The odds of being overweight/obese were significantly higher among mothers living with spouses as household heads (AOR=3.5 95%CI: 1.97-6.31), had two to three pregnancies (AOR=2.4, 95%CI: 1.40-4.20), and five pregnancies and above (AOR=2.5, 95%CI: 1.0-6.37). Mothers who lived in households with a monthly income between $344.84 and $524,60 were less likely to be overweight or obese (AOR=0.31 95%CI: 0.14-0.70). Additionally, age, marital status and age at first pregnancy were significantly associated with being overweight/obese (χ2 test, p<0.05). Conclusion: The key determinants of overweight/obesity were living in spouse-headed household, household monthly income and more than one pregnancy. Evidence-based strategies that focus on strengthening the social aspects while addressing overweight and obesity among mothers of primary school children living in a rural Dikgale HDSS site, South Africa.

scholarly journals Excess mortality among people with podoconiosis: secondary analysis of two Ethiopian cohorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (12) ◽  
pp. 1035-1037
Author(s):  
Hannah Masraf ◽  
Temesgen Azemeraw ◽  
Meseret Molla ◽  
Christopher Iain Jones ◽  
Stephen Bremner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Crude Mortality Rate ◽  
Crude Mortality ◽  
Standardised Mortality Ratios ◽  
Patients Experience

Abstract Background While morbidity attributable to podoconiosis is relatively well studied, its pattern of mortality has not been established. Methods We compared the age-standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) of two datasets from northern Ethiopia: podoconiosis patients enrolled in a 1-y trial and a Health and Demographic Surveillance System cohort. Results The annual crude mortality rate per 1000 population for podoconiosis patients was 28.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.3 to 44.8; n=663) while that of the general population was 2.8 (95% CI 2.3 to 3.4; n=44 095). The overall SMR for the study period was 6.0 (95% CI 3.6 to 9.4). Conclusions Podoconiosis patients experience elevated mortality compared with the general population and further research is required to understand the reasons.

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